Cells: The Basic Unit
MCQ:
Which structure is responsible for controlling the cell's activities?
a) Cell Membrane
b) Cytoplasm
c) Nucleus
d) Mitochondrion
c) Nucleus
The nucleus contains the genetic material (DNA) and directs all cell processes, making it the 'control center'.
MCQ:
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?
a) Growth
b) Excretion
c) Solidification
d) Reproduction
c) Solidification
Solidification is not a life process; the seven fundamental characteristics of life are Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, and Nutrition (MRS GREN).
MCQ:
The primary function of the root system in a plant is to...
a) Manufacture Food
b) Reproduce
c) Anchor the plant and absorb water
d) Exchange Gases
c) Anchor the plant and absorb water
Roots are specialized for anchoring the plant in the soil and absorbing water and mineral salts.
MCQ:
What is the largest and most general grouping in biological classification?
a) Class
b) Phylum
c) Kingdom
d) Species
c) Kingdom
The order of classification is Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Kingdom is the broadest.
MCQ:
Which system in the human body is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients?
a) Digestive
b) Respiratory
c) Nervous
d) Circulatory
d) Circulatory
The Circulatory System (heart, blood, blood vessels) is the body's transport network.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
The jelly-like substance where most chemical reactions occur inside a cell is the...
a) Vacuole
b) Cytoplasm
c) Cell Wall
d) Chloroplast
b) Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the semi-fluid substance filling the cell, outside the nucleus, where organelles are suspended and metabolic reactions take place.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
The process by which living things remove waste products is called...
a) Respiration
b) Nutrition
c) Excretion
d) Movement
c) Excretion
Excretion specifically refers to the removal of metabolic waste products from the body.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
The process by which plants release excess water as vapor is called...
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Osmosis
c) Transpiration
Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from the leaves and stem through the stomata.
True or False:
All organisms in the Animal Kingdom are multicellular and can move.
This is True.
Animals are multicellular, lack cell walls, and are typically motile (can move) at some stage in their life.
The process of breaking down food into smaller, soluble particles is called...
a) Absorption
b) Respiration
c) Digestion
d) Excretion
c) Digestion
Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of complex food molecules.
True or False:
Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not.
This is True.
The cell wall provides structural support and protection, a feature unique to plant, fungal, and bacterial cells.
True or False:
Fungi are classified as producers because they make their own food.
This is False.
Fungi are decomposers or heterotrophs; they obtain food by feeding on dead or decaying matter.
True or False:
The xylem tissue transports food (sugar) from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
This is False.
Phloem transports food, while xylem transports water and minerals.
MCQ:
Which class of vertebrates is characterized by having dry, scaly skin and laying leathery eggs on land?
a) Mammals
b) Amphibians
c) Fish
d) Reptiles
d) Reptiles
Reptiles (like snakes, lizards, and turtles) have these key features, distinguishing them from other vertebrates.
True or False:
The main function of the large intestine is to absorb digested nutrients into the bloodstream.
This is False.
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine; the large intestine primarily absorbs water.
MCQ:
Which organelle is often called the "powerhouse of the cell" because it releases energy through respiration?
a) Ribosome
b) Mitochondrion
c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
d) Golgi Apparatus
b) Mitochondrion
Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration, which generates the energy (ATP) needed for cell activities.
True or False:
The ability of an organism to detect and respond to changes in its environment is called sensitivity.
This is True.
Sensitivity (or irritability) is a key characteristic of life.
MCQ:
In a leaf, what are the small pores or openings primarily used for gas exchange?
a) Veins
b) Guard Cells
c) Stomata
d) Cuticle
c) Stomata
Stomata (singular: stoma) allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen and water vapor to exit the leaf.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
In vertebrates, the backbone is a defining feature of the...
a) Invertebrates
b) Chordates
c) Arthropods
d) Annelids
b) Chordates
Chordates is the phylum that includes vertebrates, which are characterized by having a vertebral column (backbone).
MCQ:
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting wounds?
a) Red Blood Cells
b) White Blood Cells
c) Plasma
d) Platelets
d) Platelets
Platelets are cell fragments that initiate the blood clotting process to stop bleeding.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
The structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell is the...
a) Nucleus
b) Cell Wall
c) Cell Membrane
d) Chloroplast
c) Cell Membrane
The cell membrane (or plasma membrane) is selectively permeable, regulating the passage of substances.
MCQ
Which kingdom includes simple multicellular organisms like mosses and complex ones like flowering plants?
a) Animalia
b) Fungi
c) Protista
d) Plantae
d) Plantae
The Plantae kingdom includes all plants, from the simplest non-vascular to the most complex flowering ones.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
The protective waxy layer on the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf is the...
a) Epidermis
b) Cuticle
c) Stoma
d) Spongy Mesophyll
b) Cuticle
The cuticle is a protective, waterproof layer that helps to reduce water loss.
MCQ:
Which category contains only organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring?
a) Genus
b) Phylum
c) Class
d) Species
d) Species
Species is the narrowest classification and is defined by the ability of individuals to successfully interbreed.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
The chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart are the...
a) Atria
b) Capillaries
c) Ventricles
d) Veins
c) Ventricles
The two Ventricles are the powerful lower chambers that pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body.