DNA and RNA
What is the difference between the structure of DNA and the structure of RNA?
DNA is a double helix while RNA is single stranded
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
Copying one DNA double helix into 2 identical double helices
Which comes first, transcription or translation?
transcription
What are the three steps of translation?
Initiation, elongation, and termination?
What do the names mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA stand for?
Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA
What kind of bond holds DNA strands together?
Hydrogen bonds
Why is DNA replication called semi-conservative?
New DNA consists of one new chain of nucleotides and one from the parent DNA
What happens in transcription?
a gene serves as a template to produce an mRNA molecule
Which steps of translation require energy?
Initiation and elongation
Describe the structure of tRNA
What are the chemical units that make up DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides
Which enzyme builds new strands by complimentary base pairing of nucleotides?
DNA polymerase
What is the first step of transcription?
RNA polymerase binds to a promoter
Describe what happens during initiation
initiation factors assemble ribosome components, then initiator tRNA attaches to start codon
What does transfer RNA do?
transports amino acids to ribosomes
Name one of the three people credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA
James Watson, Francis Crick, or Rosalind Franklin
Which enzyme unzips the double stranded DNA?
DNA helicase
What role does RNA polymerase play in transcription?
It adds complementary RNA nucleotides to DNA
Describe what happens during elongation
Polypeptide increases in length, one amino acid at a time
What are introns?
segments of mRNA that get removed
Which bases pair with which in complimentary base pairing?
A pairs with T and G pairs with C
Which enzyme seals breaks in the sugar phosphate backbone?
DNA ligase
Where does transcription take place?
In the nucleus
Describe what happens during termination
when a stop codon is reached, the new protein, rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA separate
What are exons?
The portion of a gene that is expressed