The Solar-Powered Cell
This is the ultimate source of energy for nearly all living cells.
A) Glucose
B) The Sun
C) ATP
D) CO2
B) The Sun
This is the primary pigment in plants that can act directly to convert light energy into chemical energy.
A) Carotenoids
B) Chlorophyll b
C) Chlorophyll a
D) Phycobiliproteins
C) Chlorophyll a
This process in Photosystem II replaces lost electrons by splitting water and releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
A) Chemiosmosis
B) Carbon fixation
C) Photolysis (Oxidation of water)
D) Beta-oxidation
C) Photolysis (Oxidation of water)
This enzyme, the most abundant on Earth, catalyzes the attachment of CO2 to a 5-carbon sugar.
A) Hexokinase
B) ATP Synthase
C) Rubisco
D) Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
C) Rubisco
The overall chemical equation for photosynthesis is the exact reverse of the equation for this process.
A) Fermentation
B) Cellular Respiration
C) Dehydration synthesis
D) Active transport
B) Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis is categorized as this type of reaction because it requires an input of energy from sunlight to proceed.
A) Exergonic
B) Endergonic
C) Catabolic
D) Spontaneous
B) Endergonic
Most plants appear green to the human eye for this specific reason.
A) Chlorophyll absorbs green light efficiently
B) Chlorophyll reflects (does not absorb) green light
C) Green light is converted directly into glucose
D) Chlorophyll is destroyed by green light
B) Chlorophyll reflects (does not absorb) green light
These two molecules are the high-energy products of the light reactions used to power the Calvin Cycle.
A) Glucose and Oxygen
B) ATP and NADPH
C) CO2 and Water
D) NADP+ and ADP
B) ATP and NADPH
This is the 3-carbon sugar that is the direct output of the Calvin Cycle used to build larger carbohydrates.
A) Glucose
B) RuBP
C) G3P (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)
D) Oxaloacetate
C) G3P (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate)
If the thylakoid membrane becomes leaky and permeable to protons, this is the most direct consequence.
A) Oxygen production will increase
B) The proton gradient will collapse, stopping ATP synthesis
C) NADPH production will double
D) Carbon fixation will speed up
B) The proton gradient will collapse, stopping ATP synthesis
In eukaryotic plants, these are the primary organelles responsible for carrying out photosynthesis.
A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosomes
C) Chloroplasts
D) Nuclei
C) Chloroplasts
The energy content of a photon is related to the wavelength of light in this specific way.
A) Directly proportional
B) Inversely proportional
C) Equal to the wavelength
D) Unrelated to the wavelength
B) Inversely proportional
The reaction center of Photosystem I is specifically referred to by this name.
A) P680
B) P700
C) Rubisco
D) ATP Synthase
B) P700
To produce a single molecule of glucose, the Calvin Cycle must turn this many times.
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Six
D) Six
This complex of the photosystem collects light energy and funnels it toward the reaction center via excited electrons.
A) F0 complex
B) Antenna complex
C) Cytochrome b6-f
D) NADP reductase
B) Antenna complex
These flattened structures inside the chloroplast are organized into columns called grana.
A) Stroma
B) Thylakoid disks
C) Mesophyll
D) Matrix
B) Thylakoid disks
These accessory pigments absorb wavelengths chlorophyll cannot and protect the cell by scavenging reactive oxygen species.
A) Anthocyanins
B) Carotenoids
C) Ribozymes
D) Phospholipids
B) Carotenoids
As electrons move through the b6-f complex, energy is used to pump protons from the stroma into this location.
A) Outer membrane
B) Thylakoid space (lumen)
C) Mitochondrial matrix
D) Cytoplasm
B) Thylakoid space (lumen)
During the carbon fixation phase, CO2 is combined with this 5-carbon acceptor molecule.
A) 3-PGA
B) RuBP (Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate)
C) Citrate
D) ATP
B) RuBP (Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate)
While plants have chloroplasts for photosynthesis, they also contain these organelles to perform respiration at night.
A) Lysosomes
B) Vacuoles
C) Mitochondria
D) Peroxisomes
C) Mitochondria
This semiliquid compartment outside the thylakoid membrane contains the enzymes needed for carbon fixation.
A) Thylakoid lumen
B) Cytoplasm
C) Stroma
D) Intermembrane space
C) Stroma
In the fall, leaves change color from green to orange or red because of this process.
A) Chlorophyll a is converted into glucose
B) Carotenoids are manufactured more rapidly
C) Chlorophyll production ceases, revealing previously masked pigments
D) The plant begins anoxygenic photosynthesis
C) Chlorophyll production ceases, revealing previously masked pigments
In noncyclic photophosphorylation, this molecule acts as the final electron acceptor.
A) Oxygen
B) Water
C) NADP+
D) RuBP
C) NADP+
These are the three distinct phases of the Calvin Cycle in their correct order.
A) Oxidation, Reduction, Synthesis
B) Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration
C) Light absorption, ETC, Chemiosmosis
D) Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, ETC
B) Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration
If a plant is exposed to light but denied CO2, which phase of photosynthesis is directly limited first?
A) Photolysis in PSII
B) Proton pumping in the ETC
C) Carbon fixation in the Calvin Cycle
D) Light absorption by chlorophyll
C) Carbon fixation in the Calvin Cycle