Bio Chem 1
We study carbon because life is built on it, cells are made up of it (25%) and they are in the four macro molecules.
What is a molecule with the same molecular formula with different structures/shapes?
Isomer
Why does form=function?
Differences create important functional significance that differs based on shape.
Smaller organic molecules that bonded together to create the 4 major classes.
What are the four macromolecules?
Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.
How are polymers built?
Joins monomers by removing water, known as dehydration synthesis. (Condensation reaction)
How do you break a polymer?
Doing hydrolysis (adding water), doing the opposite of how to create a polymer. Also known as digestion.
What are the 3 classes of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides.
What are the group of polymers that are hydrophobic with water? Ex: facts, steroids, waxes, etc.
Lipids!
What are phospholipids?
Creates a plasma membrane around cells, both hydrophobic, and hydrophilic.
What is a structure of a bilayer?
They have hydrophilic heads which face out, and hydrophobic tails that face in.
What are some natural steroids in your body?
Cholesterol, females have estrogen, males have testosterone.
Proteins!
What are enzymes?
They are a type of protein that is a catalyst to make chemical reactions in the cell go quicker.
What are enzyme competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors?
A competitive inhibitor looks like a normal substrate and fits in it, competing for the actual substrate to get the enzyme. Noncompetitive inhibitor doesn't enter the active site, instead it binds to anywhere else which then changes the shape of the active site.
what are nucleic acids?
What are examples of amino acids?
Hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl group
What are some examples of monosaccharides?
glucose (C6H12O6), fructose, ad galcatose
What is the difference between the three classes of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides: these are simple sugars.
Polysaccharides: more complex sugars, created by linked monosaccharides.
Disaccharides: double sugar.
Temperature, pH, and denaturation
What is one function of each macromolecule?
Carbohydrates- makes ATP, structure of cellulose and chitin
Lipids- Waterproofing, stores energy
Proteins- transport, enzymes
Nucleic Acids- stores genetic code/gives it out
What is collagen?
It is a structural protein.
What are the levels of protein organization?
Secondary structure- pleated sheets and helices
Tertiary structure- the complex folding of a protein chain
Quaternary structure- many proteins linked together
What is a organic molecules, give the distinctive propertys.
amino, hydroxyl, carbonhyl, carboxyl, phosphate, and sulfhydryl
(Chapter Packet Question) Carbon-14 is often used for carbon dating, where scientists measure the rate of carbon-14 decay to determine the age of items. It contains six protons and eight neutrons. During the process of carbon-14 decay, one of its eight neutrons becomes a proton and an electron is emitted. Which of the following is the BEST explanation of what has occurred?
The resulting atom is now a different element because the number of protons has changed.