Carbohydrates
What is the difference between a disaccharide and a polysaccharide?
Disaccharides are made of 2 sugar molecules, polysaccharides are made of longer chains of sugar molecules.
True or False: Lipids are made up of monomers and polymers.
False, they are made up of non polar, hydrophobic, hydrocarbon chains (C-C and C-H).
What is the primary function of DNA?
To store genetic information
Do structures influence functions?
Yes
What is the difference in interaction between hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions?
Hydrophilic can readily interact with water, hydrophobic will interact with each other.
What are Carbohydrates and what are they made of?
Sugars, made of monosaccharide monomers linked to form polysaccharides
What are 2 differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon chains?
Saturated are straight with no C=C double bonds, and are solid at room temp. Unsaturated are bent with C=C double bonds present.
What are the functions of lipids?
DNA is made up of C,T,G,A. Which is different in the makeup of RNA?
Instead of T, it has U.
What are amphipathic lipids?
Polymers that have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
What is the shape of a monosaccharide?
One single ring
What are triglycerides (aka Fats) made up of?
Which of the following is not a function of proteins? Start biochemical reactions, be broken down for energy, provide structure, and transport molecules in and out of a cell.
Be broken down for energy
Which component of an amino acid makes each one unique?
The "R" group
What happens during dehydration and hydrolysis?
Dehydration gets rid of a water to connect molecules, hydrolysis adds water to separate molecules.
What are the 3 parts of a monosaccharide?
Carbonyl group (O=H double bond), several OH groups, and a chain of carbons.
What are steroids made of?
Carbon atoms arranged into 4 fused rings
What are the 3 functions of carbohydrates?
Energy processing/storage (ex. starch), Structural support (ex. cellulose), Cell signaling/communication (ex. red blood cells).
What molecule is made up of a polar or non-polar side chain, a protein monomer, and is a N-C-C with a double bond O on the last carbon and an "R" group on the central carbon.
Amino Acid
What 3 elements make up a nucleic acid?
Phosphate group, Nitrogenous base, and pentose sugar.
How are monosaccharides linked? What type of reaction is this?
Glycosidic linkages (C-O-C), which is a dehydration reaction because you lose a H2O
What are phospholipids made of?
Which of the following are able to catalyze chemical reactions: Lipids, Proteins, DNA, RNA, and Carbohydrates?
Proteins and DNA
Which group has a 5' end of a chain with an open phosphate group?
DNA
What do shorter hydrocarbon chains imply?
Less hydrophobic interactions, liquid at room temp.