CH 25: DNA Structure and Gene Expression
What base is unique to DNA?
Thymine
During what stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes duplicate?
Interphase
What are the stages of cellular respiration (in order)?
glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
Which pathway in cellular respiration will produce ATP, NADH, and carbon dioxide?
citric acid cycle
At the cellular level, photosynthesis occurs within .... what?
The chloroplast
Because one original strand of the double- stranded helix in each daughter molecule, the replication process is called .....
Semi- conservative
If a cell stops at the G1 checkpoint, this is most likely due to what problem?
There is DNA damage
What molecules are the products of aerobic respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
The production of ATP as a result of an electrochemical gradient is called what?
chemiosmosis
The metabolic events that move electrons from water to NADP+ are referred to as what?
the noncyclic electron pathway
What is the process that synthesizes mRNA?
Transcription
What is the correct order of the stages in mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What role does NAD+ play in cellular respiration?
It is a coenzyme
Why does chemiosmosis require a membrane?
to separate two compartments of the cell to allow for gradient formation
The light reactions could be viewed as analogous to a hydro-electrical dam. In that case, the water stored in the reservoir above the dam would be analogues to....what?
Hydrogen ions (protons)
If the normal nucleotide sequence was TACGGCATG, what type of gene mutation is present if the resulting sequence becomes TAGGCATG?
Deletion mutation
What lines up at the metaphase plate during metaphase I of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis?
homologous chromosomes for meiosis
each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatid for mitosis
What phases of cellular respiration produce(s) NADH+?
glycolysis, preparatory reaction, and citric acid cycle
Where is NAD+ converted to NADH?
Cytoplasm and Matrix of Mitochondria
What are the two sets of reactions for photosynthesis?
light reactions and Calvin cycle reactions
The ______ contain(s) the information for the structure of the protein.
exons
Synapsis occurs during what stage of meiosis?
prophase I
Pyruvate is converted to a two-carbon acetyl group attached to a coenzyme A (CoA), and CO2 is given off. This phase is called what?
The preparatory reaction
ATP and ADP have a strong negative charge. How could that get into and out of the mitochondrion?
Through a membrane transport protein
Imagine starting in the innermost space of the chloroplast and moving outward until leaving the chloroplast and entering the cytoplasm. What is the starting point and the proper order of things as you move forward?
Thylakoid space- thylakoid membrane- stroma - inner membrane - outer membrane