Naming Organic Molecules
What is the difference between Alkane and Alkene
Alkane: 1 Carbon Bond, flexible
Alkene: 2 Carbon bonds, not flexible/rigid
Name the different types of isomers
Structural Isomer, Cis-Trans Isomer, Enantiomers
What is the name of this Functional Group -OH
Hydroxyl
What are the functions of a Carbohydrate?
- energy source
- energy storage
- structure
- cell communication
When pH goes up the H+ concentration goes...
down
Is methane an Alkane or an Alkene? How do you know?
Alkane. Methyl= 1 carbon/ -ane= Alkane
Which Isomer creates a large kink in a molecule?
Cis Isomers
What is the purpose of functional groups?
They give the molecule they are attached to specific properties and help them participate in chemical reactions between molecules.
What is the name of the bond that joins 2 monosaccharides?
glycosidic linkage
What is the purpose of a buffer?
to maintain a stable pH
Methyl= ?
Ethyl= ?
Propyl= ?
Butyl=?
Pentyl= ?
Hexyl= ?
Methyl= 1 Carbon
Ethyl= 2 Carbon
Propyl= 3 Carbon
Butyl=4 Carbon
Pentyl= 5 Carbon
Hexyl= 6 Carbon
Enantiomers are mirror image isomers. What are the letters that represent the left and right sides?
Left= L
Right= D
What is the difference between a Keytone and an Aldehyde?
Keytone: in the middle of a structure
Aldehyde: on the ends of a structure
Functions of lipids and examples of each function
- energy storage (triglycerides)
- cushioning (body fat)
- protective (waxes)
- structure (membrane)
-cell communication (hormones)
Solve the Molarity Problem...
Make 1 L of 0.5 M of NaCl
Hint: Na=23 Cl=35
29 g/L
1. length
2. branching
3. double bond position
4. presence of rings
What type of bond do Cis-Trans Isomers have?
Covalent bonds
What is important about the Sulfhydral Functional Groups?
They build the amino acid Cysteine
What is the name of the linkage that joins a Triglyceride together?
Ester Linkage
To break the bond of a molecule what reaction would you use?
Hydrolysis reaction
Draw a Benzene ring. How many Carbons does it have? Does it have double bonds?
6 Carbons, 3 alternating double bonds
Define each type of Isomer
Structural: same formula different shape
Cis-Trans: Cis=same side/ Trans= opposite sides
Enantiomer: Mirror images of each other, different shape due to an asymmetric carbon.
Name every functional group and give the chemical formula.
Hydroxyl (OH)
Keytone (C=O)
Aldehyde (CHO)
Amino (NH2)
Sulfhydral (SH)
Carboxl (COOH)
Phosphate (OPO32)
Methyl (CH3)
Draw out the base of a triglyceride
Glycerol is drawn on board
Draw a Disaccharide with an alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkage
answer drawn on board