Plant Growth and Structure
Apical meristems are responsible for ________ growth while lateral meristems are responsible for _______ growth.
A) Vertical;lateral
B) Radial; horizontal
C) Secondary; primary
D) Primary; secondary
D) Primary; secondary
What is the protein that helps water pass through the plant cell membrane?
A) Na+/K+ pump
B) Aquaporin
C) Hydroporin
D) Hemoglobin
B) Aquaporin
Mosses are often short in stature because...
A) They have thick roots
B) They lack tracheids
C) They have a life cycle dominated by the sporophyte generation
D) They are the most advanced land plants
B) They lack tracheids
Ferns have a ______ gametophyte
A) Dependent
B) Independent
C) Facultative
D) Strong
B) Independent
What grouping does the bryophyte clade represent?
A) Monophyletic group
B) Polyphyletic group
C) Paraphyletic group
D) Apophyletic
C) Paraphyletic group
What type of ground tissue has components that can be dead at maturity?
A) Parenchyma
B) Xylem
C) Sclerenchyma
D) Phloem
C) Sclerenchyma- sclerids and fibers are dead at maturity
________ conducts fluid upward from roots to shoots while ___ conducts fluid up and down from source to sink.
A) Xylem; Phloem
B) Parenchyma; Sclerenchyma
C) Phloem; Xylem
D) Casparian strip; apoplast
A) Xylem; Phloem
Discuss the key symbiotic relationships with the root hairs of plants and other organisms.
Fungi can form mycorrhizal relations with plants: fungi gain carbs and plants better absorb water and minerals - mutualism
Bryophytes have a dominant ______ generation while gymnosperms have a dominant _________ generation
A) gametophyte; sporophyte
B) sporophyte; gametophyte
C) Megasporangium; microsporangium
D) gametophyte; miscroporangium
A) gametophyte; sporophyte
What would the Red Algae be considered in the cladogram? Select all that apply
A) In group
B) Outgroup
C) Most advanced organism
D) Most primitive organism
B) Outgroup
D) Most primitive organism
What is the name of the structure that protects the apical meristem?
Leaf Primordia for the stem
Root cap for the root
In the symplast route, water flows in between connected plant cells via…. A) Adhesion junctions
B) Plasmodesmata
C) Aquaporins
D) Cell walls
B) Plasmodesmata
Some plants can thrive in dry seasons due to their ability to prevent water loss. Describe the dermal tissue structures that would give plants these abilities and why.
Trichomes partially cover stomata to lessen transpiration
Waxy cuticle prevents water from coming to the leaf surface
Guard cells close to prevent transpiration
Which trait(s) do Ginkgophytes and Gnetophytes share?
A) Bear fruit
B) Motile sperm
C) Non Motile sperm
D) Dioecious
D) Dioecious
Label the sporophyte and gametophyte
Answer on image
Select the appropriate vascular cells with their location and function
A) Sieve tube member; xylem; helps water flow up the plant
B) Tracheids; phloem; helps glucose flow up and down the plant
C) Vessels; xylem; help water flow up in the plant
D) Companion cells; phloem; helps water flow up and down the plant
C) Vessels; xylem; help water flow up in the plant
Which of the following is the most selective transport routes
A) Apoplast
B) Symplast
C) Transmembrane
D) Photosynthetic
C) Transmembrane
Name three issues that the first plants had to overcome on land
Water loss
Protection from mutagenic UV light
Disseminate gametes for production
Compare and contrast Xylem and Phloem.
The Xylem contains tracheids and vessels. Both of the cell types are dead at maturity. The Phloem contains sieve cells, sieve tube members, and companion cells. These cells are living at maturity.
In the Xylem, water and minerals flow unidirectionally (from bottom to top) via transpiration. In the phloem, fluid flows multidirectionally (from source to sink). Materials carried in the phloem include: carbohydrates, mRNA, proteins/ amino acids, hormones, and ions.
In both the Phloem and Xylem, essential fluid for the plant is transported. Both the Phloem and Xylem are vasculature
Keeping in mind the trends we have learned, how do the gametophyte and sporophyte trends change as plants become more advanced? Give specific examples!
Bryophytes- Dominant gametophyte generation, most primitive land plants. Haploid majority life-stage limits the habitats they can live in.
Gymnosperms- More advanced than fern and bryophyte. Greater duration of lifetime in sporophyte (diploid) generation. Can live in diverse environments because they diploid for the majority of their lifespan. Diploidy helps plants to withstand UV light mutations. (Two copies, one can get mutated but the other copy can be fine and allow the plant to function).
Label each image with its associated ground tissue.
A) Parenchyma
B) Collenchyma
C) Sclerenchyma
During phloem loading, ___ move(s) into phloem cells at a ___.
Only sugar; source
Only water; sink
Both sugar and water; source
Only water, source
Both sugar and water; sink
Both sugar and water; source
Explain the associated adaptations for each challengeplants had to overcome on land
Water loss- Waxy cuticle, trichomes, and guard cells.
Ability to effectively disseminate Gametes- flagellated sperm or reproduction in water
Protection from mutagenic UV light- More evolved land plants have a sporophyte (2n) dominant generation.
Which plant structure does not have phloem?
A) Gymnosperms
B) Angiosperms
C) Bryophytes
D) Euphyllophytes
C) Bryophytes
Label the root and stem cells on the board
Pts awarded for correctness? (I needed to put something here lmao)