Energy
Reactions that require energy input are called this.
Reactions that release energy are called this.
Endergonic
Exergonic
The pocket or cleft on an enzyme where substrates bind.
Active site
Glycolysis occurs in this part of the cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleic acids make up what
Nucleotides
2 stages in photosynthesis:
Requires light
Doesn't require light
Light-dependent reactions
Carbon fixation
The enzyme that lowers activation energy but does not change ΔG.
A catalyst
When an enzyme combines with the substrate what is it called
Enzyme-substrate complex
NAD+ is reduced to what
NADPH
Polysaccharides make up what
sugars
What do Photosystems l and ll do
Photosystem I transfers electrons ultimately to NADP+ producing NADPH
Photosystem II oxidizes water
In living systems, energy flows into the biological world from this source.
The sun
substance that binds to enzyme and decreases its
activity
Inhibitor
Each turn of the citric acid cycle releases this gas.
CO2
Proteins make up what
Amino acids
What are the 2 pigments used in green plants
Chlorophyll and Carotenoids
Chlorophyll a is the main pigment
Chlorophyll b is an accessory/secondary pigment
Atom or molecule loses an electron
Atom or molecule gains an electron
Oxidation
Reduction
What are catabolic and anabolic reactions
Catabolic: Harvest energy by breaking down molecules
Anabolic: Expend energy to build up molecules
Electrons move from protein complex to protein complex in what
The Electron Transport Chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane for eukaryotes and plasma membrane for prokaryotes
Lipids and fats make up what
Fatty acids
What is used to regenerate RuBP in the Calvin Cycle (carbon fixation)
G3P
Positive ΔG is what
Negative ΔG is what
Endergonic = requires energy
Exergonic = releases energy
Any chemical or physical condition that affects the enzyme’s
three-dimensional shape can change rate
Ex. Optimum temperature & Optimum pH
What goes into the Citric Acid Cycle
Acetyl-CoA, which fatty acids and the oxidation of pyruvate are going into also
Reduces organic molecules in order to regenerate NAD+
Fermentation
3 stages of Calvin cycle:
1. Carbon fixation - RuBP + CO2 ->PGA
2. Reduction - PGA is reduced to G3P
3. Regeneration of RuBP - G3P is used to generate RuBP. So what is G3P?
A 3 carbon sugar that can form sucrose and make starch