Cells
Cells that have linear chromosomes and membrane bound organelles.
Eukaryotes
(Prokaryotes have circular DNA, no membrane bound organelles)
The process by which enzymes increase the rate of a chemical reaction.
lowering the activation energy of the reaction
The purpose of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells.
To breakdown carbohydrates to provide energy for the cell in the form of ATP
The 2 main stages of photosynthesis
Light dependent reactions & Calvin Cycle
Energy storage molecules consisting of CHO
Carbohydrates
An organelle with a receiving (cis) and a shipping (trans) face, acts as a packaging and secreting center
Golgi Apparatus
A molecule that is similar to the normal substrate so it competes for the active site of the enzyme
Competitive inhibitor
Molecules (3) that hold the energy released from the bonds of glucose during glycolysis.
ATP NADH & pyruvate
The light reactions occur in these parts of the plant
thylakoid membrane
Molecules that are contained in the plasma membrane also consist of CHO
Lipids (fats, oils)
Membrane bound structure that contains hydrolytic enzymes & found predominately in animal cells
Lysosomes
The process by which the metabolic pathway is shut off by the product that is produced
feedback inhibition
Evidence that glycolysis in one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved (3).
It is nearly universal, occurs in the cytosol, & does not involve oxygen
ATP generated using chemiosmosis powered by light energy
Photophosphorylation
Molecules that consist of CHON
Proteins
An organelle that is characterized by extensive folded membrane, abundant in cells that detoxify
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A molecule that binds to an enzyme (not the active site) resulting in a change to the active site causing the enzyme not to function
Noncompetitive inhibitor
The end product of the Krebs Cycle / Th Citric Acid Cycle/ TCA cycle.
2 carbon dioxide, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
Another name for the calvin cycle
Carbon fixation
Molecules that consist of CHONP
Nucleic Acids
A term used to describe the plasma membranes structure of diverse proteins imbedded in the phospholipid bilayer.
The fluid mosaic model
The process where the enzymes function at the active site may either be activated or inhibited by the binding site of a regulatory molecule at a separate site
Allosteric interactions
ATP synthase harnesses energy from this during the ETC
Electrochemical gradient
Structures that harness the light from the sun
Photosystems I & II
The three parts of nucleotides
Nitrogenous base, Pentose sugar, Phosphate group