Cell Structure
A protein that is permanently attached to the membrane
Integral protein
Facilitated Diffusion
After mitosis and cytokinesis, a parent cell that is 2n=14, will have produced....
2 cells, 2n=14
What category of molecule does DNA and RNA belong to?
nucleic acids
What are 3 differences between Anaerobic Respiration and Aerobic Respiration?
Answers will vary
To which carbon of the sugar deoxyribose is the nitrogen base bonded?
Carbon 1
If a cell bathed in a salt solution gains mass, the osmolarity of the cell would be ___ to the solution
Hypotonic
What is the name of the stage where chromosomes condense and the nucleus is visible?
Prophase
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
Synthesizes new strands from the two parental template strands
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
Hydrogen bonds
How many hydrogen bonds do Thymine/Uracil and Adenine have between one another? What about Guanine and Cytosine.
Between Thymine/Uracil and Adenine, there are 2.
Between Guanine and Cytosine, there are 3.
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called
semi-permeable
If a cell has 46 chromosomes before mitosis then there will be _____ chromosomes after mitosis.
46
If a strand reads:
3' A A A T T T C 5'
The matching strand would read...
5' T T T A A A G 3'
What are the gaps between the newly synthesized DNA on the lagging strand called?
Okazaki fragments
Correctly identify Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil as Purines or Pyrimidines
Purines: Guanine and Adenine
Pyrimidines: Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine
In an emergency trauma room, a doctor accidentally gives a patient a large transfusion of distilled water directly into one of his veins instead of blood. Predict what might happen if distilled water was given to the patient instead of blood.
Have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to burst
Explain the function of Cyclins and CDK complexes.
CDKs play important roles in the control of cell division and modulate transcription in response to several extra- and intracellular cues.
If 23% of the nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule are guanine, what percentage of the nitrogenous bases will be adenine?
27%
Sometimes, DNA is called "semi-conservative." Why might this be?
The old strand is "conserved" and used to make the new strands
mitochondria and nuclear membrane
In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?
In the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), the haploid number of chromosomes is 24. How many sister chromatids are present in the G2 phase of a somatic cell, such as a cell in the bone marrow of the chimpanzee?
96
What are the 3 steps of PCR. Explain them.
Denaturation – DNA sample is heated (~90ºC) to separate the two strands
Annealing – Sample is cooled (~55ºC) to allow primers to anneal (primers designate sequence to be copied)
Elongation – Sample is heated to the optimal temperature for a heat-tolerant polymerase (Taq) to function (~75ºC)
Where does Transcription occur within the cell? Where does Translation occur within the cell?
Transcription: Nucleus
Translation: Cytoplasm/Cytosome