Meiosis
What structure forms during synapsis?
Bivalent (tetrad)
What is the genotype ratio of a monohybrid cross (Aa × Aa)?
1:2:1
What enzyme connects Okazaki fragments?
DNA ligase
What type of mutation changes one base but not the amino acid?
Silent mutation
What is the first step of protein synthesis?
Transcription
What type of cells does meiosis produce?
Haploid gametes
What kind of dominance shows a blend of traits?
Incomplete dominance
What direction does DNA polymerase read the template strand? What direction does it build the complementary strand?
Reads - 3'-5'
Builds - 5'-3'
What do we call a mutation that has no effect on fitness?
Neutral mutation
What site in the ribosome holds the growing polypeptide chain?
P-site
What event during meiosis can cause trisomy?
Nondisjunction
What event in meiosis explains Mendel’s law of segregation?
Anaphase I
Which enzyme adds nucleotides to a growing strand?
DNA polymerase III
What molecule serves as the intermediate between DNA and protein?
mRNA
What are the three stop codons?
UAA, UGA, UAG
What process during prophase I increases genetic variation?
What stage of meiosis results in four non-identical daughter cells?
Crossing over
Telophase II
What do both parents of a child with Tay Sachs disease have to be?
Carriers (heterozygous)
What repair system fixes thymine dimers?
Nucleotide excision repair
What is the term that explains several codons coding for the same amino acid?
Redundancy
What process removes introns from mRNA?
RNA splicing
Which phase of meiosis explains independent assortment?
Metaphase I
If a male has an X-linked recessive disorder, from which parent did he inherit it and why?
Mother, because males only have one X, father gives Y chromosome.
What enzyme relieves tension ahead of the replication fork?
Topoisomerase
If the third nitrogenous base varies it is called what?
Wobble
What molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome?
What is the enzyme that forms RNA from DNA?
tRNA
RNA polymerase