Macromolecules & Cell Organelles
The four types of macromolecules in living organisms.
What are nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?
The type of cell transport that does not require energy.
What is passive transport?
The type of cell division that makes gametes.
What is meiosis?
The cellular energy molecule.
What is ATP?
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence AATCGA, this is the sequence on the complementary strand.
What is TTAGCT?
This organelle is where DNA is found in eukaryotic cells.
What is the nucleus?
This molecule is the main component of the cell membrane.
What are phospholipids?
A type of cell that only has one set of chromosomes is known as this.
What is haploid?
The organelles where photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur, respectively.
What are chloroplasts and mitochondria?
The monomer of a DNA molecule.
What is a nucleotide?
This organelle is where protein synthesis happens inside cells.
What are ribosomes?
The three types of active transport.
What are protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis?
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads. When this happens, the homologous chromosomes can swap portions of genetic material. This process is known as _________.
What is crossing over?
The pigment that gives plants their green color.
What is chlorophyll?
The three parts of a DNA nucleotide.
What are a nitrogen base, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group?
The four types of macromolecule monomers with their matching polymers.
What are:
1. carbohydrates: monosaccharide/polysaccharide
2. nucleic acids: nucleotide/DNA or RNA
3. proteins: amino acids/polypeptide
4. lipids: fatty acids and glycerol/lipids (no special polymer name!)
The type of passive transport that occurs when large or charged molecules must move from high to low concentration.
The number of chromosomes found in human sperm and egg cells.
What is 23?
The chemical equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration, respectively.
What are
1. 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ sunlight) --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
2. C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O
DNA replication is this type of process, meaning that when a new DNA molecule is made it contains one original strand, and one newly made strand.
What are
1. structure/support
2. movement of molecules (cell membrane)
3. enzymes
4. antibodies (immune system)
5. signaling/hormones
If a cell is placed in sea water, it is said to be in this type of solution.
What is hypertonic?
The phase of mitosis when the chromosomes have been separated but the cells haven't fully split. The new nuclei start to form during this time.
What is telophase?
This type of cellular respiration is anaerobic, meaning it occurs without oxygen present.
What is fermentation?
The name of the enzyme that creates a new DNA molecule during DNA replication.
What is DNA polymerase?