fungi
what type of fungi is a mushroom ?
basidiomycota
what is believed to be the common ancestor of all plants ?
green algae
what structure does the pollen grain land on ?
stigma
what is the largest phylum of invertebrates ?
arthropoda (make up 80% of all living species)
what materials can the vertebral column be composed of ?
bone & cartilage
what is the term for how fungi receive their nutrients ?
saprotrophic
what were the first plants to colonize land ? name at least one example
bryophytes
ex. mosses, liverworts, hornworts
what are the names/ function of the main transport vessels in plants ? what do they carry ?
phloem: sugar/ nutrients
xylem: water/ other minerals
how many legs do arachnids have ?
eight legs
what phylum do all vertebrates belong to ? name at least two traits of this phylum...
chordata
traits: pharyngeal pouches, notochord, dorsal tubular nerve cord, postanal tail
fungi reproduce using these tiny reproductive cells that can travel through air or water...
spores
what traits did plants need to develop in order to adapt to land ?
waxy cuticle, vascular tissues, embryo protection
what are two visual distinctions between monocots and eudicots ?
monocots: parallel leaf veins, leaves in groups of 3
eudicots: branched leaf veins, leaves in groups of 5
what is the phylum and class of an octopus ?
phylum: mollusca
class: cephalopoda
are reptiles endothermic or ectothermic ? what does this mean ?
snakes are ectothermic because they rely on their environment to regulate their body temp
what is the name of the root-like structure in fungi ?
hyphae
difference between sporophyte and gametophyte generation
sporophyte: diploid stage
gametophyte: haploid stage
what structures do the two sperm cells fertilize within the ovule ? what do these structures become ?
egg ---> zygote
polar nuclei ---> endosperm
name a phylum with no true tissues, two tissue layers, and three tissue layers... examples of each
no true tissues: porifera (sponges)
two tissue layers: cnidaria (jellyfish, coral)
three tissue layers: mollusca, arthropoda, echinodermata, annelids
this class of vertebrates lays eggs in water and undergoes metamorphosis...
amphibians
similarities/differences between plants, fungi, and animals ?
fungi: saprotrophs/heterotrophs, cell wall (chitin)
plants: autotrophs, cell wall (cellulose)
animals: heterotrophs, no cell well
what life cycle is most prominant in gymnosperms ?
sporophyte
in a fruiting plant, what does the ovary & ovule turn into ? bonus: what how does this differ in apples ?
ovary ---> the fruit
ovule ---> the seed
in an apple, the ovary becomes the core (receptacle becomes flesh/fruit)
these invertebrates have a water vascular system for movement... name a species within this phylum
echinoderms
ex: starfish, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins
this subclass of mammals lays eggs instead of giving birth to live young...
monotremes