Human Transport & Circulation
MCQ:
Which blood vessel always carries blood away from the heart?
a) Vein
b) Capillary
c) Artery
d) Venule
c) Artery
Arteries carry oxygenated blood (except the pulmonary artery) under high pressure away from the heart to the rest of the body.
MCQ:
The primary sites of gas exchange in the lungs are the...
a) Bronchi
b) Trachea
c) Alveoli
d) Bronchioles
c) Alveoli
Alveoli are tiny air sacs with thin walls and a large surface area, highly adapted for efficient gas exchange.
MCQ:
Which structure contains the female gamete (egg cell) in a flower?
a) Stigma
b) Pollen Grain
c) Ovary Wall
d) Ovule
d) Ovule
The Ovule contains the embryo sac, which houses the female gamete, and develops into the seed after fertilization.
MCQ:
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein, controlling a trait, is called a...
a) Chromosome
b) Allele
c) Gene
d) Nucleotide
c) Gene
The Gene is the fundamental unit of inheritance.
MCQ
Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination of movement?
a) Cerebrum
b) Medulla Oblongata
c) Cerebellum
d) Hypothalamus
c) Cerebellum
The Cerebellum is primarily responsible for fine motor control and maintaining posture and balance.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
The main protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen is...
a) Plasma
b) Fibrinogen
c) Haemoglobin
d) Myoglobin
c) Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin contains iron, which binds reversibly with oxygen in the lungs and releases it in the tissues.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
The muscle that contracts and flattens during inhalation (breathing in) is the...
a) Intercostal Muscle
b) Pectoral Muscle
c) Abdominal Muscle
d) Diaphragm
d) Diaphragm
The Diaphragm movement is key to changing the volume of the thoracic cavity during breathing.
True or False:
Cross-pollination always results in less genetic variation than self-pollination.
This is False.
Cross-pollination involves two different plants, which maximizes genetic mixing and increases variation.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
Different versions of the same gene are called...
a) Chromosomes
b) DNA
c) Alleles
d) Gametes
c) Alleles
Alleles are the variations (e.g., the allele for brown eyes vs. the allele for blue eyes).
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
The automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus is known as a...
a) Hormone Response
b) Receptor Action
c) Reflex Action
d) Conscious Decision
c) Reflex Action
A Reflex Action protects the body by providing a rapid, involuntary response (e.g., pulling your hand away from a hot stove).
MCQ:
Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
a) Left Ventricle
b) Right Atrium
c) Left Atrium
d) Right Ventricle
b) Right Atrium
The Right Atrium is the entry point for deoxygenated blood returning from the body via the vena cava.
True or False:
Anaerobic respiration releases more energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration.
This is False.
Aerobic respiration, using oxygen, is much more efficient and releases significantly more energy (ATP).
MCQ:
Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction?
a) Increased variation
b) High resistance to disease
c) Rapid colonization of a stable environment
d) Offspring are well-adapted to change
c) Rapid colonization of a stable environment
Asexual reproduction is fast and efficient, allowing rapid spread when conditions are good and stable.
True or False:
If an organism is homozygous for a trait, it possesses two different alleles for that gene.
This is False.
Homozygous means having two identical alleles (AA or aa); two different alleles is heterozygous (Aa).
True or False:
Sensory neurons carry impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles/glands.
This is False.
Motor neurons do that; Sensory neurons carry impulses to the CNS from receptors.
True or False:
Valves are present in arteries to prevent the backflow of blood.
This is False.
Valves are mainly found in veins and the heart chambers (atria/ventricles), not in arteries, where blood pressure is high.
MCQ:
What is the product of anaerobic respiration in human muscle cells during intense exercise?
a) Carbon Dioxide
b) Ethanol
c) Water
d) Lactic Acid
d) Lactic Acid
Lactic acid is produced when oxygen supply cannot meet demand, causing muscle fatigue.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
The process by which the seed coat ruptures and the embryo grows into a seedling is...
a) Pollination
b) Dispersal
c) Fertilization
d) Germination
d) Germination
Germination requires water, oxygen, and a suitable temperature.
MCQ: Which of the following is an example of continuous variation in humans?
a) Blood Group
b) Tongue Rolling
c) Height
d) Eye Colour
c) Height
Height is a continuous trait, showing a range of measurements, often influenced by multiple genes.
True or False:
A hormone that lowers blood sugar levels is insulin.
This is True.
Insulin, secreted by the pancreas, stimulates cells to take up glucose.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
The force exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries is called...
a) Heart Rate
b) Cardiac Output
c) Blood Pressure
d) Pulse Rate
c) Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is measured as the systolic pressure (heart contraction) over the diastolic pressure (heart relaxation).
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
The sticky, hair-like projections that line the trachea and help trap dust and germs are called...
a) Villli
b) Microvilli
c) Guard Cells
d) Cilia
d) Cilia
Cilia sweep mucus and trapped particles upward and out of the respiratory tract.
True or False:
The first structure to emerge from a germinating seed is the plumule (shoot).
This is False. The radicle (root) emerges first to anchor the plant and absorb water.
Fill-in-the-Blank MCQ:
A permanent change in the DNA base sequence is called a...
a) Variation
b) Crossing Over
c) Mutation
d) Adaptation
c) Mutation
A Mutation is the source of new alleles and genetic variation within a species.
MCQ:
The protective layer of the eye that is transparent and allows light to enter is the...
a) Sclera
b) Iris
c) Choroid
d) Cornea
d) Cornea
The Cornea is the clear outer layer that also helps focus light.