Chemistry in bio
When the chlorine atom receives an electron it becomes a what
Cl-
describe the role of glycogen in your body
You store glycogen in your liver and in your muscles. Used was backup energy
What is cell respiration?
Performed by all eukaryotic cells. Glucose is disassembled into carbon dioxide and water. Energy is released and used to make ATP.
At the end of glycolysis, what products have been made?
2 ATPs (overall)
2 NADHs
2 Pyruvates
Who is my shortest friend
Bella
The kind of bond that forms from electrons being given away or received is called an __________ bond.
Ionic
What are the main roles of carbohydrates?
Fuel source to provide energy for the cell.
There are three different types of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that play various roles in the process of photosynthesis. Name and describe each.
Photosystems - Complex proteins that contain pigments like chlorophyll, and absorb sunlight to capture its energy. There are two
Photosystem I was discovered first, but actually goes second in the process.
Photosystem II was discovered second, but actually goes first in the process.
Electron Transport Chains - Chains of proteins kind of like a “bucket brigade”. Energized electrons flow through the chain, giving up their energy gradually.
ATP Synthases - Specialized proteins that makes ATP using energy released from the electron transport chains.
What happens when we digest food and use it for cell respiration?
Breaking down complex molecules like glucose releases energy.
Who is my tallest friend
Shea Coughlin
What determines what element an atom belongs to? In other words, what determines if an atom is a carbon atom, or an oxygen atom, or an atom of some other element
The protons have a positive charge, the electrons have a negative charge, and the neutrons have a zero charge.
What are the three main types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides (single sugars)
Disaccharides (double sugars)
Polysaccharides (many sugars)
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (sunlight) → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Summarize what happens in the Krebs cycle
Produces some more CO2, which we exhale
We make some more NADH, when NAD picks up the high energy electrons released from glucose breaking apart.
Another electron carrier, FAD, also picks up high energy electrons, making FADH2.
Who is my favorite rapper
Tyler The Creator
Describe the pH scale.
This is a measure of the relative amounts of H+ or OH- that something has.
What are polysaccharides? What are the two most important ones?
Made by assembling many monosaccharides (monomers) together.
Starch - The plant form of glucose storage
Glycogen - The animal form of glucose storage
What does photosystem II accomplish in photosynthesis?
The high energy electrons flow through the first electron transport chain. The oxygen is released. The hydrogen ions get pumped by active transport into the thylakoid space.
Before the second main step of cell respiration, there is an “in-between step” called “The Formation of Acetyl CoA”. What happens in this step? What waste product is released?
pyruvate is broken down to a 2-carbon molecule called Acetyl Coenzyme A (or just Acetyl CoA). A carbon atom leaves, and combines with oxygen to make CO2 which is a waste product
Whats my favorite Winona Ryder movie?
Girl Interrupted
What are acids and bases?
acids:things that break apart giving off hydrogen ions
Bases: Things that break apart giving hydroxide ions
What are the general properties and functions of lipids?
long-term storage of energy, building cell membranes, and and acting as chemical messengers called hormones
Summarize the big ideas of the light-independent reactions.
The second of the two main steps in photosynthesis.
Does not require light, as sunlight energy has already been captured and stored in our energy carriers ATP and NADPH.
Occurs in the stroma (liquid portion) of the chloroplast.
A series of chemical reactions called the Calvin cycle builds glucose out of carbon dioxide. This is called a cycle because one of the end products gets “recycled” to start the process again.
Euphoria fact: What fake name does Nate use when talking to Jules on the dating app?
Tyler
What is my favorite disney channel movie
geek charming