Biology Basics
Study of living organisms, their structures, functions, processes, and interactions with their environment.
What is the primary focus of biology as a scientific discipline?
Developing a hypothesis that can be tested through experimentation.
Which step in the scientific method involves forming an educated guess based on observations and prior knowledge?
Mitochondria generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell, through cellular respiration.
What is the function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
Photosynthesis, where sunlight is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
What is the process by which plants convert solar energy into chemical energy?
One oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms bonded together.
What does the water molecule H₂O represent?
It signifies the scientific study of a specific area or subject
What does the suffix "-ology" imply in the context of scientific fields?
Choosing a sample size based on convenience
What is Bias in an experiment?
Synthesizing proteins by reading RNA
Which of the following correctly describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?
It absorbs light energy, which is necessary for photosynthesis
What is the main function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
You add protons plus neutrons
What is the atomic mass?
The presence of cells, ability to reproduce, and ability to respond to stimuli.
Which characteristic best distinguishes living things from non-living things?
It is a well-supported explanation of a natural phenomenon that has been tested repeatedly.
What is a defining feature of a scientific theory?
Covalent bond
Which type of bond forms between two atoms when they share electrons?
To produce electron carriers like NADH and FADH2 that transport energy to the electron transport chain.
What is the primary purpose of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?
have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What is an Isotope?
The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
What does the term "homeostasis" refer to in biology?
Ionic bonds transfer electrons, while covalent bonds share electrons.
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells have one
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Glucose
What molecule is produced as the final product of photosynthesis?
Organic compounds that include carbon atoms and usually hydrogen.
Which type of compound is defined by the presence of carbon atoms?
ATP
Which molecule is essential for storing and transferring energy in biological systems?
To provide a baseline for comparison by not being exposed to the experimental variable.
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To break down waste materials and cellular debris.
What is the function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)
What is Cellular Respiration
Polar covalent bond
What type of bond holds the hydrogen and oxygen atoms together in a water molecule?