Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
WILD
100
The monomer, or building block, of a protein that contains an amine functional group, a carboxyl functional group, and an R Chain that differentiates each one.
What is an amino acid?
100
The monomer, building block, of carbohydrates. Examples include glucose, ribose, and deoxyribose.
What is a monosaccharide?
100
A long hydrocarbon tail with a carboxyl group head that is nonpolar and hydrophobic.
What are fatty acid tails?
100
The monomer, building block, of a nucleic acid
What is a nucleotide?
100
Parts of organic molecules that are involved in a chemical reaction.
What are functional groups?
200
The bonds that attach amino acids to each other
What are peptide bonds?
200
Short chain sugars such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose
What is a disaccharide?
200
A fatty acid with three tails.
What is a triglyceride?
200
The covalent bond that binds the phosphates and sugars to create the backbone of a nucleic acid.
What is a phosphodiester bond?
200
Large, organic molecules formed from small molecules bonding
What are biomolecules?
300
Catalysts that increase the rate of specific chemical reactions
What are enzymes?
300
The ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen within a carbohydrate
What is a 1:2:1 ratio?
300
A fatty acid tail with no double bound carbons that remains straight, is solid at room temperature, contributes to cardiovascular disease, and that is found in most animal fats.
What is a saturated fatty acid tail? Unsaturated-double bound carbons, liquid at room temperature
300
The bond that binds the nitrogenous bases that make up the rungs of the ladder in a nucleic acid.
What is a hydrogen bond?
300
A reaction that involves the building of large molecules from smaller ones.
What is an anabolic reaction? Catabolic- breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones
400
Involves folding along short sections of polypeptides in either a pleated or coiled manner, attached with hydrogen bonds.
What is the secondary structure of a protein? Primary-Order of amino acids in a chain, Tertiary-Whole molecule folding, Quaternary-Polypeptides bond together,
400
A polymer, a long molecule built by linking repeating blocks in a chain, consisting entirely of glucose monomers and that is used for storage in plants.
What is starch?
400
A glycerol molecule with two, hydrophobic fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic phosphate group attached.
What is a phospholipid?
400
A double ringed nitrogenous base that can be either guanine or adenine
What is a purine? Pyrimidine- single ringed, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
400
An anabolic reaction that joins monomers by removing water. It requires energy and enzymes, and is endergonic, meaning that it takes in energy.
What is dehydration synthesis?
500
The unfolding of a protein, due to either temperature, pH levels, or salinity levels, that alters the second and third degree structures and destroys the functionality of the protein.
What is denaturation?
500
The covalent link between monosaccharides.
What is a glycosidic link?
500
A lipid that is made up of four carbon rings and a functional group that differentiates them.
What is a sterol?
500
The assumption that in each DNA strand, the 5' point of one sugar connects to the 3' point of the opposite sugar.
What is antiparallel arrangement?
500
A catabolic reaction that involves the use of water to break down polymers. It requires enzymes and is exergonic, meaning that it releases energy.
What is hydrolysis?
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