A
Which scientist(s) is incorrectly matched with his/her/their discoveries?
A. Frederick Griffith – discovery of transformation through bacteriophages.
B. Hershey and Chase – discovery of DNA as the hereditary material of cells.
C. Chargaff – discovery that relative amounts of nucleotide bases varies among organisms.
D. Watson and Crick – discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA. E. Meselson and Stahl – discovery of the semi-conservative replication of DNA.
A. Frederick Griffith – discovery of transformation through bacteriophages.
Tissue culture can be used to generate whole plants from single cells in the laboratory. In the “doubled haploid” technique, a haploid cell is obtained from a plant and induced to double in chromosome number without cell division. A plant breeder would like to try the method on a diploid rose variety. Which of the following would be a suitable source of haploid cells to begin this procedure?
A. Endosperm.
B. Meristem.
C. Sporophyte.
D. Pollen grains.
E. Flower buds
D. Pollen grains.
Order the following elements of a tree trunk from the center of the trunk outward: 1. Sapwood 2. Secondary phloem 3. Vascular cambium 4. Heartwood 5. Periderm
A. 1, 2, 4, 5, 3.
B. 4, 1, 3, 2, 5.
C. 5, 2, 3, 1, 4.
D. 3, 5, 4, 2, 1.
E. 4, 1, 5, 2, 3.
B. 4, 1, 3, 2, 5.
A woman experiencing rickets is diagnosed with a deficiency of a particular vitamin and given a diet guideline. Which of the following food is most likely to help with the condition?
A. Carrot.
B. Butter.
C. Whole grains.
D. Oranges.
E. Tomatoes
B. Butter.
In tetrapods, neural pathways carrying information from all the senses, except for the sense of smell, pass through and synapse in a particular anatomical structure in the brain, which is embryonically derived from the diencephalon.
This structure is the:
A. Medulla.
B. Thalamus.
C. Amygdala.
D. Occipital lobe.
E. Somatosensory cortex
B. Thalamus.
Microbiologists from around the world travel to Hawaii to study the interaction of Euprymna scolopes, the Hawaiian squid, with the bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Vibrio bacteria live inside the light organ and obtain nutrients from the squid. The bacteria produce light through a process known as bioluminescence, providing a mechanism for camouflage for the squid in the ocean. This is an example of:
A. Commensalism.
B. Parasitism.
C. Behavioral Imprinting.
D. Epigenetic modification.
E. Mutualism.
E. Mutualism.
Which is not a similarity between land plants and green algae?
A. Rosette complexes for cellulose synthesis.
B. Lignified cell walls.
C. Peroxisome enzymes.
D. Structure of flagellated sperm.
E. Formation of a phragmoplast.
B. Lignified cell walls.
Developing diagnostics for the Zika virus has proven to be difficult due to cross reactivity displayed by antibodies for other flaviviruses. If a person has been previously exposed to certain flaviviruses (i.e. yellow fever or West Nile virus), then he/she may have antibodies which diagnostics erroneously attribute to Zika virus exposure. The issue stems from antibodies that resulted from a prior immune response. In the classic immune response, which cells are primarily responsible for the production of antibodies?
A. Macrophages.
B. Eosinophils.
C. Plasma cells.
D. T lymphocytes.
E. Goblet cells.
C. Plasma cells.
Select all of the following choices that correctly match the tissue to the embryonic germ layer from which it is primarily formed (Select ALL that apply):
A. Ectoderm – spinal cord.
B. Mesoderm – heart.
C. Endoderm – thyroid.
D. Ectoderm – epidermis.
E. Endoderm – liver
A, B, C, D, E
Select ALL of the following parts of the nephron where water is reabsorbed from the filtrate:
A. Collecting duct.
B. Proximal tubule.
C. Bowman’s capsule.
D. Ascending limb of loop of Henle.
E. Descending limb of loop of Henle.
A, B, E
Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) prevents the G1-> S transition when it is active. You are analyzing the cell cycle of a somatic cell (2n). What is the DNA content of a mutant somatic cell that has a constitutively active pRb?
A. n (analogous to the state in the gamete).
B. 2n (analogous to somatic cells which have just completed cytokinesis).
C. 4n (analogous to mid anaphase).
D. 2n (analogous to early prophase).
E. 4n (analogous to mid telophase.
B. 2n (analogous to somatic cells which have just completed cytokinesis).
Which of the following statements is correct about diversity in ecological environments?
A. Ecological stress increases diversity.
B. Animals that share a common habitat are typically more closely related that animals in different environments.
C. Natural selection generally decreases diversity.
D. Diversity is most often seen in small populations.
E. Changes in diversity of host species have little effect on other species.
A. Ecological stress increases diversity.
These cells have cilia in their cellular structures.
A. Microglia
B. Astrocytes
C. Schwann cells
D. Ependymal cells
E. Oligodendrocytes
D. Ependymal cells
Which of the following statement is NOT a function of extracellular matrices?
A. They provide elasticity in tissues.
B. They keep cell layers separated from each other.
C. They promote the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide within tissues.
D. They enable tissues to resist compression and tension by providing strength and flexibility.
E. They can influence the activity of genes in the nucleus by the combination of mechanical and chemical signaling pathways (intracellular signals)
C. They promote the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide within tissues.
During angiosperm reproduction, all of the following transitions occur EXCEPT that the:
A. Ovulary becomes a fruit
B. Megasporangium generates the central cell
C. Generative cell becomes sperm
D. Megaspore becomes the endosperm
E. Ovules become seeds
D. Megaspore becomes the endosperm
Following pollination, indicate the sequence of tissues the pollen tube would pass through as it grows toward its rendezvous with the egg.
A. Micropyle → ovary → style → stigma → ovule → egg.
B. Ovule → ovary → micropyle → stigma → style → egg.
C. Style → ovary → ovule → stigma → micropyle → egg.
D. Style → stigma → ovary → ovule → micropyle → egg.
E. Stigma → style → ovary → ovule → micropyle → egg.
E. Stigma → style → ovary → ovule → micropyle → egg.
Beginning on the inside of a plant cell and moving towards the outside of a plant cell, which of the following is organized correctly?
A. Plasma membrane → primary cell wall → secondary cell wall → middle lamella → cytoplasm.
B. Cytoplasm → plasma membrane → middle lamella → secondary cell wall → primary cell wall.
C. Plasma membrane → cytoplasm → secondary cell wall → primary cell wall → middle lamella.
D. Middle lamella → secondary cell wall → primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm.
E. Cytoplasm → plasma membrane → secondary cell wall → primary cell wall → middle lamella
E. Cytoplasm → plasma membrane → secondary cell wall → primary cell wall → middle lamella
Increasing niche overlap leads to increasing:
A. Commensalism.
B. Competition.
C. Predation.
D. Mutualism.
B. Competition.
Which of the following statements about capillaries is FALSE?
A. They are the blood vessel type with the thinnest walls.
B. They are the vessels with the narrowest diameter.
C. Blood moves through the capillaries at a lower velocity than other vessels.
D. More blood moves through the combined capillaries each minute than through the combined arteries.
E. All of these are true.
D. More blood moves through the combined capillaries each minute than through the combined arteries.
. Goiters may occur due to iodine insufficiency, but other causes are possible. Which of the following would NOT tend to result in increased size of the thyroid gland?
A. High levels of thyrotropin releasing hormone.
B. High levels of thyroid stimulating hormone.
C. High levels of thyroxin and triiodothyronine.
D. All of the above would tend to increase the size of the thyroid gland.
E. None of the above would tend to increase the size of the thyroid gland.
B. High levels of thyroid stimulating hormone.