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energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes
activaion energy
structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in form or function
analogous structures
domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan
archaea
mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein
base deletion
an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
fetus
movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell
active transport
the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
anaphase
a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells
ATP
mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein
base insertion
a rise in the temperature of the body
inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
adaptation
compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
antibiotic
organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer
autotroph
a type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides
base-pair substitution
the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
fitness
the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive
allele
a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a pathogen that has entered the body
antibody
domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans
bacteria
an inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like escaping from predators or find a mate
behavioral adaptation
a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
food chain
basic building blocks of proteins
amino acid
substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
antigen
virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage
asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into two identical cells
binary fission
a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem
food web