Chap 2
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion
atom lost an electron
What are Hydrogen bonds?
weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
This group is represented by —NH2 and is found in amines.
Amino group (-NH2)
This type of isomer has the same molecular formula but different bonding arrangements.
Structural Isomers
Which reaction adds to polymers?
Dehydration synthesis or Hydrolysis
Dehydration Synthesis
what makes up atomic number
Number of protons
Difference between Cohesion and Adhesion?
Cohesion: tendency for water molecules to stick together
Adhesion: attraction of water to other polar molecules
This group is represented by —OH and is found in alcohols.
Hydroxyl Group (-OH)
How many types of Isomers are there?
Structural Isomers, Enantiomers, Cis-trans isomers
Which reaction breaks bonds?
Dehydration Synthesis or Hydrolysis?
Hydrolysis
why is a bond between C-H an example of a non polar covalent bond
because C and H have the same electronegativity level therefore and equal sharing of electrons
Are hydrophobic bonds polar or nonpolar?
Nonpolar
This group contains a double-bonded oxygen and is found in ketones and aldehydes.
Carbonyl group (C=O)
Isomers can have different properties despite having this in common.
Molecular Formula or same atoms
True or False
Dehydration synthesis builds larger molecules by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks down larger molecules by adding water.
True
which is stronger: a single covalent bond or a triple covalent bond
triple covalent bond because the bond length is shorter and harder to break
High [H+] concentration and Low [OH-] concentration represents a(n) _____ solution.
Acidic
This group is represented by —COOH and is found in organic acids.
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
1. What type of Isomer is drawn on the board?
Cis-trans isomer
1. What type of reaction is drawn on the board?
Hydrolysis
why is a bond between N-H a polar covalent bond
because N has a higher electronegativity compared to H there an unequal sharing of electrons because the electrons will spend more time near N
Define Acid, Base and Buffer.
Acid: A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
Base: A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution OR increases the hydroxide concentration in a solution
Buffer: substances that acts to stabilize pH
This group is represented by —CH3 and is found in methylated compounds.
Methyl group (-CH3)
2. What type of Isomer is drawn on the board?
Enantiomer
2. What type of reaction is drawn on the board?
Dehydration Synthesis