DNA Structure and Discovery
These nitrogenous bases have a double-ring structure.
What are purines?
This enzyme unzips the DNA helix by breaking hydrogen bonds.
What is Helicase?
Unlike DNA, RNA contains this nitrogenous base.
This organelle is the site of translation.
What is a ribosome?
A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence is called this.
What is a silent mutation?
These nitrogenous bases have a single-ring structure.
What are pyrimidines?
This enzyme adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand during replication.
What is DNA Polymerase?
This is the end product of transcription AND splicing and editing.
The three-letter sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid is called this.
What is a codon?
A mutation that replaces one nucleotide with another is this type of mutation.
What is a substitution?
DNA is made of these three key components.
What are a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base?
The short fragments formed on the lagging strand are called this.
What are Okazaki fragments?
This enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.
What is RNA Polymerase?
The complementary three-letter sequence on tRNA is called this.
What is an anticodon?
A substitution mutation that results in a premature stop codon is called this.
What is a nonsense mutation?
This scientist’s X-ray diffraction images were crucial in determining DNA’s helical shape.
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
This enzyme seals gaps between DNA fragments to create a continuous strand.
What is Ligase?
These non-coding regions of RNA are removed after translation.
What are introns?
These are the three binding sites in a ribosome.
A mutation that shifts the reading frame of mRNA is called this.
What is a frameshift mutation?
This duo is credited with discovering the double-helix structure of DNA in 1953.
Who are Watson and Crick?
DNA replication is described as this because each new DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand.
What is Semi-Conservative?
The protective cap added to the 5’ end of mRNA is called this.
What is an mG cap?
The three stages of translation are these.
What are initiation, elongation, and termination?
The difference between a missense and a nonsense mutation is this.
What do you mean by a missense mutation changes one amino acid, while a nonsense mutation creates a stop codon?