Reproductive System
What are the three main reproductive hormones?
Androgens, Estrogens, Progestins
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Endocrine glands release hormones directly through the body, exocrine glands release hormones through ducts
What affects the fluidity of a membrane?
Temperature, composition of lipids
What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?
Protons, neutrons, electrons
What is a macromolecule?
Large molecules made of thousands of covalently bonded atoms
menstrual, proliferative, secretory
What are the four thermoregulatory responses?
Conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
Passive transport doesn't absorb any energy, active transport requires energy
What are the four elements that make up 96% of most living organisms?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
What are the monomers and polymers of a protein called?
Polymer:Polypeptide
What is endometriosis?
Condition where tissue similar to the endometrium grows outside the uterus, usually in the ovaries, fallopian tubes or pelvic cavity
What is a negative feedback mechanism?
Thermoreceptors detect deviation from a set point, they send the information to the integrator, the integrator produces a response through the receptor until the set point is restored and then the receptor stops
What are functions of membrane proteins?
Intercellular joinings, enzymatic activity, transport, cell-cell recognition, attachment, signal transduction
What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
Organic molecules have carbon and hydrogen, are usually long and complex. Inorganic molecules don't have C-H bonds
What is a nucleotide made of?
Phosphate group, sugar, nitrogen base
What are symptoms of PCOS?
Irregular or absent periods, acne, excessive body or facial hair, weight gain, difficulty becoming pregnant
What are the thyroid hormones?
T4, T3, calcitonin
What are the types of passive transport?
Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
Explain the difference between cohesion and adhesion
Cohesion is when H2O molecules stick together, creating surface tension. Adhesion is when they stick to other polar molecules
What is the structure of amino acids?
Carboxyl group, amino group, r-group
What happens during ovulation?
A surge in LH causes enzymes to break down the follicular wall, the egg to be released, and enter the nearby oviduct
Explain the thyroid feedback loop
How do transport proteins for facilitated diffusion work?
1) Carrier protein is folded so the binding site is open to the area where there's higher concentration
2)Carrier protein binds to solute molecule
3)Carrier protein changes so that the binding site is exposed to the lower concentration side
4)Transported solute is released and Carrier protein goes back to original position
Explain what a buffer is and how it works.
A weak acid is called a buffer because it's able to resist small changes in pH by producing more H+ or consuming more H+ in response in response to changes in H+
What are the four types of protein strctures?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quatrenary