The application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data
What is Bioinformatics
100
______________________ can be defined as descent with modification
What is Evolution
100
A change in allele frequencies in a population over generations
What is microevolution
100
Genetic (or linkage) mapping
Physical mapping
DNA sequencing
What are the stages for the Human Genome project
100
The basis of change at the genomic level is ___________, which underlies much of genome evolution
What is genomic mutation
200
This expresses the distance between genetic markers, usually as the number of base pairs along the DNA
What is a Physical Map
200
The layers in which fossils appear in the sedimentary rock are called _______________
What is strata
200
The differences between gene pools of separate populations that are seperate due to physical boundaries
What is Geographic Variation
200
Examples of homologies at the molecular level are genes shared among organisms and this is indicative of the presence of ___________ ________
What are common ancestors
200
This type of evolution does not provide information about ancestry but does expalin how similar animals evolve in distantly related groups
What is Convergent evolution
300
Former genes that have accumulated mutations and are nonfunctional
What is Psuedogenes
300
The principle of ____________________ states the the mechanisms of chnage are constant over periods of time
What is uniformitarianism
300
A graded change in a trait along a geographic axis
What is a Cline
300
Natural Selection acts to choose the best fit to the environment based on _______ ________ by ensuring certain genes are passed to the next generation
What is Reproductive Success
300
Gene flow brings about constant and random change in the gene pool which can lead to decreased
What is relative fitness
400
Accidents in meiosis that can lead to one or more extra sets of chromosomes is a condition known as
What is Polyploidy
400
The term ________________ _______________ explains what structural similarities exist between a house cat and a blue whale
What are Homologous structures
400
When allele frequencies fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next, this is known as
What is Genetic Drift
400
Genetic drift is unpredictable and decreases variations because it can cause random _____________ ________ from the gene pools
What is Loss Of Alleles
400
The good genes hypothesis suggests that if a trait is related to male health, both the male trait and female preference for that trait should increase in frequency
This assures the next generation has ________________ _____________
What is increased adaptation or fitness
500
Many eukaryotic genes are present in one copy per haploid set of chromosomes, the rest of the genome occurs as ____________________ ________________, which are collections of identical or very similar genes
What are multigene families
500
____________ ______________ are remnants of features that served important functions in the organism’s ancestors
What is Vestigal structures
500
The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contributions of other individuals
What is Relative Fitness
500
The Mountain Gorilla is endangered because of loss of habitat which can severel restrict variation and limit adaptation to the environment. This is known as a _______________ ______________
What is bottleneck effect
500
Recombination of alleles is more important than mutation in producing the genetic differences that make adaptation possible, this only occurs in organisms that ___________ ____________