Evolution and Natural Selection
Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success. This process causes species to change and diverge over time.
What is 'natural selection?'
What is ATP used for?
It is the molecule used by all living things for energy
Cellular respiration results in the creation of NADH, FADH2, and ______
What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
The 4 phases of cellular replication/the cell cycle are prophase, _____, _____, and _____
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The line or chain from which energy flows from producers to consumers in an ecosystem
What is the food chain?
inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
What is an 'adaptation?'
What other byproduct is produced by photosynthesis besides glucose (sugar)?
Oxygen (O2)
Where does cellular respiration occur?
The mitochondria
Process of cell division by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
A living creature that eats plants AND animals
What is an omnivore?
Ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
What is 'fitness?'
Where does photosynthesis occur in a cell?
The chloroplasts
The two differences between plant cells and animal cells
What are cell walls and chloroplasts?
Chromosomes are found in this part of the cell
What is the nucleus?
A living creature that feeds on dead and rotting organic material
What is a detrivore?
Random errors in gene replication that lead to a change in the sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity
Mutation
What does photosynthesis turn into chemical energy and where does it store it?
Light energy and bonds of sugar (glucose)
What are the 4 groups of organic molecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What type of cell division involves the division of the nucleus and the creation of IDENTICAL daughter cells?
Mitosis
What an organism looks like as a consequence of its genotype
What is an organism's phenotype?
remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species.
What are 'vestigial structures?'
What are the 3 things necessary for photosynthesis to occur?
Bonus (double points): what is the full equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide, water, and light energy
6CO2+6H2O+LIGHT -------> C6H12O6+602
Name 3 organelles found in eukaryotic cells, NOT including the nucleus, the cell wall, or chloroplasts
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Vesicles
Cell membrane
Lysosome
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic reticulum
Draw a Punnett square on the board, predicting the genotypes of offspring from parents carrying the genes Gg and gg
[instructor review required for this one fam]
The 'part' of an ecosystem an organism fills; the role it plays in the ecological community
What is an organism's 'niche?'