Unit 1
a unit of living matter separated from its environment by a membrane
Cell
breaks down and recycles old molecules; have digestive enzymes that break down old molecules into parts that can be recycled
Lyosomes
1. All living things are made up of cells
2. Cells are the basic structure of all living things
3. all cells come from pre-existing cells
Cell Theory
2 long chains of nucleotides arranged in a spiral (looks like a twisted ladder)
double helix
What makes up the "rungs" of a double helix?
paired nitrogen bases which are held together by nitrogen bonds
a cluster of atoms linked by bonds
Molecule
organelle in which energy is generated; cellular energy is produced; provides energy needed to power chemical reactions; cellular respiration (produces energy in the form of ATP)
Mitochondira
1. Hypotonic
2. Hypertonic
3. Isotonic
Three types of osmosis
What makes up the sides of a double helix?
alternating sugars and phosphates
nitrogen bases ALWAYS pair in a certain way/the same way
Base pairing
cell doesn't have nucleus
Prokaryote
area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made; ribosomes flow out the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm
Nucleolus
1. Exocytosis
2. Endocytosis
3. Recepter Mediated
Three Types of Active Transport
"weak bonds"
Nitrogen bonds
An increase in cell volume causes an increase in the need for ___ and the excretion of ___.
nutrients; wastes
cell has nucleus
Eukaryote
structure that contains genetic material (DNA); contains information needed to build thousands of proteins
Nucleus
A class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes. It is also polar. molecule generally consists of two hydrophobic fatty acid "tails" and a hydrophilic "head" consisting of a phosphate group
Phospholipid
DNA makes up___.
Chromatin
Once a cell reaches a certain size, there is too little ___ (cell membrane) to let what needs to come in and out of the cell SO the cell stops growing and will divide (mitosis/cytokinesis).
Surface area
makes its own food using photosynthesis
Autotroph
non-membrane bound organelles; organelle in which proteins are made
Ribosome
having a magnetic connection. (north to north, south to south)
Polar
a series of 3 nucleotides are codes for one amino acid (and a bunch of amino acids go into making a protein!!)
Codon
provides a more manageable surface area to volume ratio for the new cells!
Mitosis