Structure & Function
1. all organisms are made up of cells
2. cells are the basic unit of life
3. all cells come from preexisting cells
What is the cell theory?
The diffusion of water across a membrane
What is osmosis?
Process that occurs in somatic cells & produces two genetically identical daughter cells
What is mitosis?
Different versions of a gene
What is an allele?
The process of making an mRNA transcript from a DNA template
What is transcription?
Type of cell that has a nucleus & membrane bound organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell?
From of passive transport that uses a transport protein to move molecules across cell membranes
What is facilitated diffusion?
Having one set of chromosomes (ex. sperm & egg)
What is haploid?
An individual who has two different alleles for a gene & is a carrier for a trait
What is heterozygote/heterozygous?
A three letter code in DNA or RNA that is the basis of the genetic code
What is a codon?
Internal membrane system that makes lipids and proteins
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
In this type of solution an animal cell would take in water & swell/pop
What is a hypotonic solution?
Occurs in two divisions & produces four genetically unique gametes
What is meiosis?
Inheritance pattern where neither allele is completely dominant over the other & offspring have a phenotype in between (blended) the parental phenotypes
What is incomplete dominance?
Consists of a 5C sugar, a phosphate group, & a nitrogen(ous) base
What is a nucleotide?
Describes the plasma membrane due to the presence of carbohydrates, proteins & cholesterol
What is the fluid mosaic model?
Requires energy and moves large particles into the cell using vesicles
What is endocytosis?
Chromosomes that have the same length, centromere location & carry genes for the same traits
What are homologous chromosomes?
A patient who has the genotype AO has this blood type
What is type A?
Has anticodons & brings in the correct amino acid during translation
What is transfer RNA?
Makes up cell membranes & consists of a polar phosphate head and two fatty acid tails
What is a phospholipid?
Requires energy & moves ions/molecules against their concentration gradient (low to high)
What is active transport?
Homologous chromosomes swap genetic information during prophase I of meiosis I
What is crossing over?
Inheritance pattern characterized by the following genotype: XbXb
What is X-linked recessive?
A change in the DNA that can affect protein synthesis
What is a mutation?