Mitosis & Meiosis
Process that occurs in somatic cells & produces two genetically identical daughter cells
What is mitosis?
Different versions of a gene
What are alleles?
The process of making an mRNA transcript from a DNA template
What is transcription?
What is strata?
DNA replication occurs during this phase of the cell cycle
What is the S phase of interphase?
Having one set of chromosomes (ex. sperm & egg)
What is haploid?
An individual who has two different alleles for a gene & is a carrier for a trait
What is heterozygote/heterozygous?
A three letter code in DNA or RNA that is the basis of the genetic code
What is a codon?
Darwin used this type of breeding to select for specific traits in pigeons
What is artificial selection/selective breeding?
Used to chart a trait through a family's generations
What is a pedigree?
Occurs in two divisions & produces four genetically unique gametes
What is meiosis?
Inheritance pattern where neither allele is completely dominant over the other & offspring have a phenotype in between (blended) the parental phenotypes
What is incomplete dominance?
Consists of a 5C sugar, a phosphate group, & a nitrogen(ous) base
What is a nucleotide?
Similar structures that may have a common ancestor
What are homologous structures?
Who are James Watson & Francis Crick
Chromosomes that have the same length, centromere location & carry genes for the same traits
What are homologous chromosomes?
A patient who has the genotype AO has this blood type
What is type A?
Has anticodons & brings in the correct amino acid during translation
What is tRNA?
A newly evolved trait resulting from a mutation that does not appear in the fossil records of common ancestors
What is a derived trait?
What is a population?
Homologous chromosomes swap genetic information during prophase I of meiosis I
What is crossing over?
Inheritance pattern characterized by the following genotype: XbXb
What is x-linked recessive?
A change in the DNA that can affect protein synthesis
What is a mutation?
The primary mechanism of evolution where advantageous traits increase survival and reproduction
What is natural selection?
The study of life
What is biology?