Topic 1 & 2
Name three ways cells communicate.
Direct Contact, Local Signaling, Long-distance Signaling
Fill in the blanks: When the ligand binds to the receptor, the receptor __________ (via a ________ change).
Activates, Conformational
Fill in the blank: ____ is the state of relatively stable internal conditions
Homeostasis
These proteins, along with cyclins, regulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle. What are these proteins?
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
Fill in the blanks: 2024 is the year of ______. (Chinese Zodiac)
Dragon
Fill in the blanks: In direct contact communication, animal cells communicate through _______ junctions and plant cells communicate through _________.
Gap, Plasmodesmata
What kind of receptor would a hydrophobic ligand bind to?
Intracellular Receptors
What are the two types of feedback loops?
Negative and positive feedback loops
This checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are attached to the spindle before mitosis proceeds. What is this checkpoint?
M Checkpoint
Which language has more native speakers: English or Arabic?
What is one example of local signaling that involves local regulators?
Paracrine/Synaptic Signaling
Name the sequence of changes in a series of molecules required for transduction.
Signal Transduction Pathway
Negative feedback _____ the effect of the stimulus
Reduces
Inhibits
Increases
Reduces
This phase of the cell cycle is dedicated to the replication of DNA. What is this phase called?
S phase
Which country has the highest life expectancy? (2023)
Monaco
Where can receptors be located?
Plasma membrane/Intracellular
Fill in the blanks: Phosphorylation is caused by the enzyme protein ______ and Dephosphorylation by the enzyme protein ______
Kinase, Phosphatase
What occurs when the body can not maintain homeostasis?
Disease
During cytokinesis in animal cells, this structure forms to divide the cytoplasm into two separate cells. What is this?
Cleavage Furrow
What was the magnitude of the strongest earthquake ever measured?
9.5
Give two examples of a plasma membrane receptor.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), Ligand-gated ion channels
Fill in the blanks: In G protein-coupled receptors, ______, ______, and ______ are inactive until a ligand binds to the extracellular side.
GPCR, Enzyme, G protein
This is the primary component of a homeostatic system that detects changes in the environment and sends information to the integrating center. What is this?
Receptor/Sensor
Eukaryotic Chromatin is composed of
Condensed DNA only
DNA and RNA
DNA and carbohydrates
DNA and proteins
DNA and ribosomes
1. Condensed DNA only
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