DNA
PCR
Transcription
Mutations
Random
100
The DNA structures of prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the same in that __________.
both have a sugar & a phosphate group backbone
100
Which man is the father of the child?
3
100
Where does transcription take place? prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes?
In the nucleus - eukaryotes
in the cytoplasm - prokaryotes
100
What type of mutation has no effect on the amino acid produced by a codon because of redundancy in genetic code?
Silent Mutation
100
The human body contains approximately 200 major cell types. They look and function differently from one another because
each expresses a different set of genes.
200
If the DNA of an organism contains 30% adenine how much guanine would it contain?
20%
200
In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the sequence of bases in the primers is important because it __________.
determines which segment of the genome will be amplified
200
What is the function of Histone Deacetylase?
to remove acetyl groups
200
What happens if a point mutation occurs in a gamete?
It may be transmitted to the offspring
200
What is an intron and exon?
Intron - RNA that is removed during the processing of an RNA molecule and remains inside the nucleus
Exon - Part of an intact, mature mRNA that leaves the nucleus
300
DNA replication is semiconservative, what does that mean?
when DNA is replicated, each new double helix contains one parental strand and one newly synthesized daughter strand.
300
In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the process involves alternating between heating and cooling phases. How many cycles of heating and cooling are required to amplify an original DNA sample to eight times its initial quantity?
3 cycles
300
What characteristics of prokaryotic transcription and translation make the overall process faster than in eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes lack a nuclear envelope, so translation can begin on an mRNA even before transcription of the mRNA is complete.
The primary transcript in prokaryotes does not undergo further processing, so translation can begin immediately.
300
What mutation would cause the synthesis of an incomplete (shorter than normal) version of the protein?
Nonsense mutation
300
What might it suggest about a person’s cells if they exhibit higher-than-normal telomerase activity?
They could be cancerous
400
How does DNA polymerase add nucleotides to the growing chain?
The 3' carbon of the DNA chain forms a covalent bond with the phosphate group on the 5' end of the nucleotide.
400
Results from a single locus probe DNA fingerprint analysis for a man and woman and their four children are shown in the autoradiograph to the right. Which child is least likely to be the biological offspring of this couple?
Child 2
400
A cell could potentially regulate transcription by regulating
The number and kinds of regulatory transcription factors, general transcription factors, and components of the RNA polymerase complex that are present.
400
You are examining the possibility of multiple types of mutations that can produce an abnormal protein leading a flu mutation. What kind of mutation has occured in the flu virus?
Normal Strain RNA 5’UAACCAUGAAGACUAUCAUUGCUUUGAGCUACAUUC 3’
Mutant Strain RNA 5’UAACCAUGAGGACUAUCAUUGCUUUGAGCUACAUUC 3’
missense
400
What are histone codes important?
They are associated with chromatin remodeling and are therefore thought to affect gene transcription
500
Which complementary strand would be synthesized from the following portion of a DNA molecule?
3' AACCGTAATTCG 5'
5' TTGGCATTAAGC 3'
500
A molecular biologist has isolated a short segment of DNA that she wants to replicate using PCR. First she heats the DNA, which separates the two strands, and then she adds __________.
Nucleotides, primers, and polymerase
500
Which of the following correctly lists the components necessary for prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?
RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides
RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and DNA nucleotides
ribosomes, general transcription factors, DNA, and DNA nucleotides
ribosomes, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides
RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides
500
In a disorder called gyrate atrophy, cells in the retina begin to degenerate in late adolescence, causing night blindness that progresses to blindness. The cause is a mutation in the gene that encodes an enzyme, ornithine aminotransferase (OAT). Researchers sequenced the OAT gene for five patients with the following results:
• Patient A: A change in codon 209 of UAU to UAA
• Patient B: A change in codon 299 of UAC to UAG
• Patient C: A change in codon 426 of CGA to UGA
• Patient D: A two-nucleotide deletion at codons 64 and 65 that results in a UGA codon at position 79
• Patient E: Exon 6, including 1071 nucleotides, is entirely deleted
Which patient (s) have a frameshift mutation?
Patient D
500
What is a violation in the central dogma?
Uses RNA to make DNA then make RNA to Protein, instead of the normal DNA to RNA to Protein sequence