Darwin and Evolution by Natural Selection
This is the name of Darwin's book that he published to explain his theory of evolution
On the Origin of Species
The all the evidence for Evolution points to what Darwin called....
Common Ancestors
A group of individuals of the same species that mate and produce offspring are called this
A Population
This relationship has one organism eating another
prey-predator
In this effect, a small group of a larger population branches off and forms a new population
founder effect
This was Darwin's boat for his 5 year voyage around the world
HMS Beagle
Darwin noted two pieces of evidence related to the location of fossil species. This type of evidence lead Darwin to think that some species are closely related but very different and that some species could be distantly related but share similar characteristics.
Biogeography
The population will grow when this happens
births > deaths
In this interaction, two species compete for the same resources
competition
In this effect, a natural disaster drastically reduces the population of a set of organisms
bottleneck effect
This is a heritable trait that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment
Adaptation
Darwin explained that since the Earth is this many billions of years old, there was a enough time for evolution to occur
4.5 billion
The population will decline when this happens
deaths > births
In this symbiosis interaction, both species benefit
mutualism
The formation of a new species is due to this
reproductive isolation
Normally "fitness" means working out and eating right, but in the context of Biology, "fitness" means this
How well an organism can survive and reproduce
When we look at the structure and function of appendages of organisms, if they have similar structures but different functions, the animals have these structures in common
Homologous Structures
In a growing population with unlimited resources, they will experience this kind of growth
exponential
In this symbiosis interaction, one species benefits and the other is harmed
parasitism
When a river or canyon prevents two mates from reproducing you have this kind of reproduction isolation
geographic isolation
Organism's that have adaptations best suited to their environment are going to survive and reproduce more. This idea is commonly misunderstood by the public as the biggest animal will always be the best animal.
Survival of the Fittest
The wing of a bird and the wing of a fly both allow them to fly, but they have very different structures showing this kind of structures
Analogous Structures
In a growing population with limited resources, the population will experience this kind of growth
logarithmic
In this symbiosis interaction, one species benefits and the other is not harmed
commensalism
When organisms have different mating rituals, this kind of reproductive isolation happens
behavioral isolation
Darwin proposed that Evolution happens by this due to a struggle for existence, the natural variance of traits in a population, and only the fittest animals will survive.
Natural Selection
A turtle, chicken, fish, and a human all look nearly identical as embryos providing this kind of evidence
anatomy and/or embryology
In a population with limited resources, this is reached when the species reaches the maximum population size
carrying capacity
In this relationship, the changes in both populations is proportional and reflects their interaction with each other
prey-predator
When species mate at different times in the year is this kind of isolation
temporal