Module 6
A type of mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide base.
Point Mutation
What is a pathogen?
An organism or agent that causes disease.
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.
What is Miss Chiswell's nickname?
The Chiz or Chizzy
What does Nate =?
LATE
What is the role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?
It joins fragments of DNA by forming bonds between sugar–phosphate backbones.
Name one physical and one chemical barrier in the human first line of defence.
Physical: skin / mucous membranes.
Chemical: stomach acid/lysozyme in tears.
Name two variables that are commonly regulated by homeostasis in the human body.
body temperature, blood glucose, water levels, pH.
who in our class won a prize for not saying a specific word. What was the prize and what was the word?
Pepsi, Tooth
What was the first thing Mr Guy said to all of us in our first lesson
"You need an escape plan!" - Jeff Guy
Name one advantage and one disadvantage of using artificial insemination in agriculture.
Advantage: Wider spread of desirable traits / improved breeding efficiency.
Disadvantage: Reduces genetic diversity.
Explain the role of phagocytes in the second line of defence and help trigger
They engulf and digest pathogens using enzymes, helping trigger inflammation and adaptive responses.
How does the nervous system communicate with muscles to produce a rapid response?
Nerve impulses travel along neurons to a motor neuron, which releases neurotransmitters at a synapse, causing the muscle to contract.
What does Ms Chiswell love to throw at people?
White board cloth folded a specific way
When did Mr Guy 'give up' on our class?
How can mutations in non-coding DNA affect gene expression?
They can alter regulation (e.g. promoters/enhancers) or splicing, changing protein levels or structure and causing disease.
What is the difference between the innate and adaptive immune system?
The innate system responds immediately and non-specifically, while the adaptive system responds slowly but specifically and creates immunological memory.
How does the body respond to dehydration, and which systems are involved?
Water loss triggers osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus, releasing ADH from the pituitary; kidneys conserve water, and thirst prompts fluid intake.
What was Cooper doing when he walked in front of Mrs Poidevin? And what was Cooper's answer to Mrs Poidevin's question. "Do you do this often?"
He was giving James a mentos, only sometimes
What was the name of the cake that Mr Guy brought in and 'someone' tried to cut for the whole class
Mush Cake
CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary gene-editing tool. Explain how it works in two steps.
A guide RNA directs Cas9 to a specific DNA sequence.
Cas9 cuts the DNA, allowing scientists to insert, delete, or replace genetic material.
Explain how antigenic variation in pathogens can make vaccines less effective.
Pathogens change their surface antigens over time, so previously developed antibodies may not recognise them, reducing vaccine effectiveness and potentially causing repeated infections.
Explain how the eye adjusts to focus on near and distant objects
The ciliary muscles change the shape of the lens: for near objects, the lens becomes thicker (more convex) to refract light more; for distant objects, the lens becomes thinner (less convex) to focus light on the retina.
What is Ms Chiswell's middle name?
Teacher's discretion
How many times did Mr Guy say "Watto" that one time in our double bio lesson
48