Biology Fundamentals
The smallest unit of matter
What is an atom?
The most crucial biological molecule for life.
What is H2O?
The smallest unit of life.
What is the cell?
Most of the systems in the natural world are this type of system.
What is an open system?
This type of energy is the net amount left over after a reaction.
What is free energy?
This describes changes in heritable traits within a population over generations.
What is evolution?
Name two key building blocks of life (elements).
What are C, H, N, O, S, P?
This part of the cell is selectively permeable and "fluid", meaning its components can shift positions.
What is the cell membrane?
Double Jeopardy!
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be ____ or ____.
This primary energy source for cellular reactions can be replenished by adding a phosphate group.
The taxonomic level that classifies bacteria, archaea, and eukarya?
What is the domain level.
This type of biomolecule is highly hydrophobic, doesn't dissolve in water, and is a good insulator.
What are lipids?
This group includes both bacteria and archaea and has the highest abundance of organisms on earth.
What are prokaryotes?
This describes all of the chemical reactions an organism uses to manage their energy resources.
What is metabolism?
This type of (spontaneous) reaction releases free energy.
What is an exergonic reaction?
This crucial factor within the scientific method is testable and falsifiable
What is a hypothesis?
This term refers to the breakdown or shape change of proteins.
What is denaturation?
Proteins are formed in this organelle.
What is the ER?
A catalyst enzyme lowers this to facilitate a reaction.
What is the reaction's activation energy?
This step in cellular respiration generates the most ATP.
What is oxidative phosphorylation? (or chemiosmosis/ETC)
These properties emerge as system complexity increases (e.g. communities can do things than individuals can alone)
What is an emergent property?
This biopolymer gives plant tissue its structure and resilience.
What is cellulose?
These cell components break down harmful molecules and recycle their parts.
What are lysosomes and/or peroxisomes?
This process regulates product production, preventing excessive buildup of products by blocking upstream processes.
What is feedback inhibition?
This type of metabolism is less efficient than aerobic cellular respiration, but can make delicious drinks.
What is fermentation?