Chemistry
The interaction between water molecules that is responsible for nearly every special property of water
when a protein folds in a cell, _____ side chains will be on the INSIDE of the protein.
what is Hydrophobic?
what three macromolecules make up the structural components of the cell membrane
what are lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates?
this organelle is responsible for receiving, sorting, and packaging cell materials for transport
what is the Golgi complex?
cells "money." needed for active transport
ATP
Attraction of water to other water molecules
what is cohesion?
The macromolecule that stores genetic information that codes for traits.
a phospholipid has a polar head and nonpolar tail, it is said to be _____.
what is amphipathic?
this organelle, if punctured, would leak digestive enzymes into the cell's cytoplasm
what is a lysosome?
bulk transport inside of the cell (from outside to in)
endocytosis
Lipids hate water, so they are said to be ______. Whereas ions and polar things love water, so they are said to be _______.
what is hydrophobic and hydrophilic?
a biological macromolecule that is made up of glycerol and fatty acids
lipid
this 4 carbon ring structure that causes cell membranes to be more fluid at cold temperatures
what is cholesterol?
the glycoprotein that is most abundant in animal extracellular matrix
what is collagen?
a cell is in an equilibrium with its environment. the solution the cell is in must be this.
Four types of non-covalent interactions that cause macromolecules to fold into specific conformations
What are ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waal interactions?
polysaccharides can provide two main functions
movement of something from high to low concentration through a cell membrane protein
what is facilitated diffusion?
the motor protein that moves along actin filaments
what is myosin?
what do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotes (bacteria) don't?
what are bound organelles & nuclei?
What property of water explains why when ponds freeze, they freeze at the surface first before freezing at the bottom.
The monomer that serves as the building block of the polymer glycogen?
what is a monosaccharide?
Ions move down their ______, when they move through ion channels
a pesticide kills insects by disabling the ribosomes in their cells. what organelle is most immediately inhibited in the insect's cells?
what is protein synthesis or translation?
By this model, a cell membrane has a mixed composition of phospholipids, glycolipids, sterols, and proteins
what is the fluid mosaic model?