Bacteria
Spiral-shaped bacteria are called _____.
a. bacillus
b. spirillum
c. coccus
d. plasmids
b. spirillum
Which of the following diseases are caused by a kinetoplastid excavate?
1. Chagas disease
2. Malaria
3. African sleeping sickness
4. Leishmaniasis
5. Toxoplasmosis
A. 1,3, and 4 B. 1, 2, and 3 C. 1 and 2 D. 2,4, and 5
A. 1,3, and 4
Which protist is believed to share a common ancestor with plants?
a. brown algae
b. red algae
c. green algae
d. slime molds
c. green algae
When sunlight is unavailable, these protists can switch from an autotrophic nutritional mode to a heterotrophic one.
A. autoheterotrophs
B. heteroautotrophs
C. mixotrophs
D. hemiautotrophs
C. mixotrophs
Which of the following is TRUE in plants?
A. Mitosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes.
B. Meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores.
C. The gametophyte is within the flower in angiosperms.
D. A and B only
E. A, B and C
D. A and B only
The mechanism whereby genes are transferred by viruses (phages) from one bacterium to another is called...
A. transduction
B. conjugation
C. binary fission
D. transformation
A. transduction
Which of the following cellular components would be found in bacteria, but is generally lacking in protists (including all protozoans)?
A. ribosomes
B. chromosomes
C. RNA
D. cell wall
E. a plasma membrane
D. cell wall
The male gametophyte of an angiosperm is…
a. The embryo sac
b. The microsporocyte
c. the sperm cell
d. contained within the pollen grain
d. contained within the pollen grain
This process carried out by prokaryotes converts N₂ to NH₄⁺ and is the only biomechanism that makes N₂ available to organisms.
A. denitrification
B. nitrogen fixation
C. metabolic cooperation
D. bioremediation
B. nitrogen fixation
Which of the following types of plant cells are diploid (2n)?
sporophyte main body
megasporocyte or microsporocyte
gametophyte main body
gamete
zygote
A. 1, 2
B. 3, 4
C. 2, 3, 4
D. 1, 2, 5
E. 2, 4, 5
D. 1, 2, 5
The mechanism whereby genes are transferred by viruses (phages) from one bacterium to another is called...
A. transduction
B. conjugation
C. binary fission
D. transformation
A. transduction
You are looking at a drop of lake water under a microscope. You observe a large number of unicellular protists with unique perforated glass-like walls. The cells are moving about utilizing flagella that have fine hair-like extensions. You are most likely observing...
A. diplomonads
B. dinoflagellates
C. euglenids
D. diatoms
E. kinetoplastids
D. diatoms
How many mitotic divisions are required for conversion of the microspore to the male gametophyte?
a. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
E. eight
B. two
A chemoautotroph utilizes...
A. CO₂ as its source of energy and carbon.
B. Organic molecules for energy and as a carbon source.
C. CO2 for carbon and inorganic substances such as H2S as an energy source
D. Light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from CO₂.
E. Light as both its source of energy and carbon.
C. CO2 for carbon and inorganic substances such as H2S as an energy source
Which of the following structures afford bacteria the ability to withstand unfavorable conditions?
1. Capsules
2. Plasmids
3. Flagella
4. Fimbriae
5. Endospores
A. 1,2 and 5 B. 1, 4, and 5 C. 1, 3 and 5 D. 2 ,3 and 4
A. 1,2 and 5
All of the following statements concerning the bacterial cell wall are true with the exception of...
A. It gives shape and rigidity to the cell.
B. It prevents the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment.
C. It cannot prevent a cell from undergoing plasmolysis when placed in a hypertonic environment.
D. It is the site of action for some antibiotics.
E. Source of endotoxins in Gram-Positive Bacteria
E. Source of endotoxins in Gram-Positive Bacteria
Which of these statements concerning dinoflagellates is false?
A. Toxins produced by certain dinoflagellates have caused massive kills of invertebrates and fishes.
B. Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as abrasives.
C. Some cause red tides.
D. They possess two flagella.
A. Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as abrasives.
Which of the following cell types are present in the mature pollen grain?
A. polar nuclei
B. generative cell
C. tube cell
D. antipodal cell
E. both B and C
E. both B and C
A photoheterotroph utilizes...
a. CO2 as its source of energy and carbon
b. organic molecules for energy and as a carbon source
c. CO2 for carbon and inorganic substances such as H2S as an energy source
d. light as an energy source and organic compounds as a source of carbon
d. light as an energy source and organic compounds as a source of carbon
A researcher is trying to construct a molecular-based phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom. Assuming that none of the following genes is absolutely conserved, which of the following would be the best choice on which to base the phylogeny
A. Genes involved in chitin synthesis
B. Genes involved in collagen synthesis
C. Genes involved in peptidoglycan synthesis
D. Genes involved in eye-lens synthesis
E. Genes that cause radial body symmetry
B. Genes involved in collagen synthesis
Termites eat wood, but many do not produce enzymes themselves that will digest the cellulose in the wood. Instead, some termites house a complex community of protozoa, bacteria, and archaea that help digest the cellulose. Imagine an experiment that fed termites either (1) wood only or (2) wood + antibiotics, and then measured the amount of energy extracted from the wood. If both groups gained equal amounts of energy, we would logically conclude that...
A. the bacteria did not contribute to digestion of cellulose and lignin.
B. the protozoa contributed to digestion of cellulose and lignin.
C. the archaea contributed to digestion of cellulose and lignin.
D. none of the three groups were needed to digest cellulose and lignin.
E. all three groups were needed to digest cellulose and lignin.
A. the bacteria did not contribute to digestion of cellulose and lignin.
Which of the following descriptions of protists is INCORRECT?
a. protists are prokaryotic
b. body organization is cellular
c. membrane bound organelles are present
d. some are mixotrophs
a. protists are prokaryotic
What does double fertilization ensure?
A. that the egg cell is fertilized
B. that the endosperm is fertilized
C. that endosperm development does not occur without fertilization of the egg
D. that antipodal cells do not develop if the egg remains unfertilized
C. that endosperm development does not occur without fertilization of the egg
An individual mixotroph loses its plastids (i.e., chloroplasts), yet continues to survive. Which of the following most likely accounts for its continued survival?
A. It relies on photosystems that float freely in its cytosol.
B. It must have engulfed extra mitochondria when it lost its plastids.
C. It has an endospore.
D. It is protected by a cell wall.
E. It engulfs some organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption
E. It engulfs some organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption
The fact that prokaryotic ribosomes differ from eukaryotic ribosomes explains why...
A. Eukaryotes did not evolve from prokaryotes.
B. DNA synthesis occurs at a decreased rate in prokaryotes.
C. Some antibiotics can block the insertion of peptidoglycan into the cell walls of bacteria.
D. Prokaryotes are able to use a much greater variety of molecules as sources of food.
E. Some antibiotics can block protein synthesis of bacteria without affecting protein synthesis in the eukaryotic host
E. Some antibiotics can block protein synthesis of bacteria without affecting protein synthesis in the eukaryotic host