Essential Nutrients & Diet
Which of the following is an essential nutrient?
A. Glucose
B. Amino acids
C. ATP
D. Glycogen
B. Amino acids
Peristalsis is:
A. Chemical digestion
B. Enzyme secretion
C. Waves of contraction moving food
D. Absorption of nutrients
C. Waves of contraction moving food
Arteries carry blood:
A. Toward the heart
B. Away from the heart
C. Only oxygenated
D. Only deoxygenated
B. Away from the heart
Hemoglobin primarily transports:
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Glucose
B. Oxygen
Innate immunity is:
A. Specific and slow
B. General and rapid
C. Only in vertebrates
D. Memory-based
B. General and rapid
Which nutrient class is inorganic?
A. Vitamins
B. Fatty acids
C. Minerals
D. Amino acids
C. Minerals
Which organ secretes bile?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Gallbladder
B. Liver
The left atrium is primarily responsible for:
A. Pumping blood
B. Receiving deoxygenated blood returning from the lungs
C. Receiving oxygenated blood returning from the lungs
D. Producing blood cells
C. Receiving oxygenated blood returning from the lungs
Which blood cell is most numerous?
A. Leukocytes
B. Platelets
C. Erythrocytes
D. Lymphocytes
C. Erythrocytes
Phagocytosis is:
A. Antibody production
B. Cell signaling
C. Engulfing pathogens
D. Antigen presentation
C. Engulfing pathogens
Malnutrition is best defined as:
A. Lack of calories only
B. Excess nutrient intake
C. Failure to obtain adequate nutrition
D. Only vitamin deficiency
C. Failure to obtain adequate nutrition
What is the function of the colon?
A. Protein digestion
B. Water absorption
C. Fat emulsification
D. Enzyme production
B. Water absorption
Cardiac output is calculated as:
A. Blood pressure × volume
B. Heart rate × stroke volume
C. Stroke volume ÷ heart rate
D. Volume × resistance
B. Heart rate × stroke volume
LDL is known as:
A. Good cholesterol
B. Bad cholesterol
C. Oxygen carrier
D. Clotting factor
B. Bad cholesterol
First-line defenses include:
A. Antibodies
B. T cells
C. Skin and mucous membranes
D. Platelets
C. Skin and mucous membranes
Undernutrition specifically refers to:
A. Lack of vitamins
B. Lack of chemical energy
C. Lack of minerals
D. Poor digestion
B. Lack of chemical energy
Which structure increases surface area for absorption in the small intestine?
A. Sphincters
B. Villi and microvilli
C. Alveoli
D. Capillaries
B. Villi and microvilli
Which node sets the heart’s rhythm?
A. AV node
B. Mitral valve
C. Bundle branches
D. SA node
D. SA node
Gas exchange occurs due to movement from:
A. Low to high pressure
B. Equal pressure zones
C. High to low partial pressure
D. Random motion
C. High to low partial pressure
MHC I molecules present:
A. External antigens
B. Internal antigens
C. Antibodies
D. Hormones
B. Internal antigens
Why must individuals eating only plant proteins combine foods?
A. To increase calories
B. To obtain all essential amino acids
C. To improve digestion speed
D. To reduce fat intake
B. To obtain all essential amino acids
This hormone functions in glycogen synthesis:
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Ghrelin
D. Dopamine
B. Insulin
This is a potent inducer of vasoconstriction:
A. Carbon Dioxide
B. Nitric Oxide
C. Endothelin
D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
C. Endothelin
Surfactant functions to:
A. Increase blood flow
B. Prevent alveoli collapse
C. Increase heart rate
D. Bind oxygen
B. Prevent alveoli collapse
Another name for CD4 cells is:
A. Plasma cells
B. CD8 cells
C. Cytotoxic T cells
D. Helper T cells
D. Helper T cells