Bacteria
Which of the following cellular features are present in all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic?
A. Nucleus, mitochondria, DNA
B. Cell wall, ribosomes, DNA
C. Ribosomes, plasma membrane, DNA
D. Plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes
C. Ribosomes, plasma membrane, DNA
Protists are different from prokaryotes because protists have:
A. A nuclear membrane
B. Ribosomes
C. DNA
D. A plasma membrane
A. A nuclear membrane
A _________ is a reproductive structure of fungi that develops from a mycelium.
A. Hypha
B. Spore
C. Fruiting body
D. Septum
C. Fruiting body
Bilateral symmetry is associated with _______, which refers to the localization of sensory structures in a distinct head region.
A. Segmentation
B. Cephalization
C. Gastrulation
D. Radialization
B. Cephalization
Corals are most closely related to which group?
A. Sponges
B. Flatworms
C. Sea anemones
D. Roundworms
C. Sea anemones
If a species is poisoned by oxygen, that species is best classified as:
A. An obligate anaerobe
B. A facultative anaerobe
C. An obligate aerobe
D. A photoautotroph
A. An obligate anaerobe
When sunlight is unavailable, some protists can switch from an autotrophic nutritional mode to a heterotrophic one. These species are called:
A. Photoautotrophs
B. Mixotrophs
C. Saprobes
D. Chemoautotrophs
B. Mixotrophs
The sac fungi _________ is named for the ascus, a reproductive structure that contains spores.
A. Basidiomycota
B. Ascomycota
C. Glomeromycota
D. Chytridiomycota
B. Ascomycota
You are trying to identify an organism. It is an animal, but it does not have nerve or muscle tissue. It is neither diploblastic nor triploblastic. It is probably a:
A. Sponge
B. Flatworm
C. Cnidarian
D. Annelid
A. Sponge
A trait that is particularly well developed in both annelids and arthropods is:
A. Segmentation
B. Radial symmetry
C. A gastrovascular cavity
D. A sessile lifestyle
A. Segmentation
Which of the following compounds is only found in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria?
A. Peptidoglycan
B. Cellulose
C. Chitin
D. Lipopolysaccharide
D. Lipopolysaccharide
Diatoms are:
A. Only algae
B. Only plankton
C. Only protists
D. All of the above: algae, plankton, protists, and stramenopiles
D. All of the above: algae, plankton, protists, and stramenopiles
The absorptive nutrition of fungi is made more effective by:
A. The large surface area provided by the mycelium
B. The presence of a digestive cavity
C. Photosynthesis within the hyphae
D. Movement of the fungal cells
A. The large surface area provided by the mycelium
At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo?
A. Fertilization
B. Cleavage
C. Blastulation
D. Gastrulation
D. Gastrulation
While working in your garden, you discover a worm-like, segmented animal with jaw-like mandibles and a single pair of jointed legs per segment. The animal is probably a:
A. Millipede
B. Earthworm
C. Roundworm
D. Centipede
D. Centipede
When a non-pathogenic strain of pneumoniae is mixed with a heat-killed pathogenic strain, the non-pathogenic strain is converted to the pathogenic form. The process responsible for this conversion is called:
A. Transduction
B. Transformation
C. Conjugation
D. Binary fission
B. Transformation
All of the following statements accurately describe dinoflagellates except:
A. They may produce harmful algal blooms
B. Some live symbiotically with corals
C. Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as a filtering material
D. Many possess two flagella
C. Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as a filtering material
In the sexual life cycle of fungi, the term karyogamy refers to:
A. The fusion of cytoplasm
B. The production of spores
C. The formation of a mycelium
D. The fusion of haploid nuclei
D. The fusion of haploid nuclei
Dr. P finds that is she removes one cell at the four-cell stage from a particular embryo, the remaining cells develop into a complete organism. The organism must be a(n):
A. Earthworm
B. Snail
C. Sea star
D. Flatworm
C. Sea star
The heartworms that can accumulate within the heart of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong?
A. Annelida
B. Nematoda
C. Platyhelminthes
D. Nemertea
B. Nematoda
In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA is synthesized from a template at temperatures high enough to dissociate double-stranded DNA into single strands, higher than 70ยบ C. To find a DNA polymerase (the enzyme that carries out DNA synthesis) that would be optimally suited for PCR you should search within the:
A. Methanogens
B. Halophiles
C. Extreme thermophiles
D. Obligate anaerobes
C. Extreme thermophiles
Kinetoplastids cause several human diseases. Which of these diseases does not involve a kinetoplastid?
A. Malaria
B. Chagas disease
C. African sleeping sickness
D. Leishmaniasis
A. Malaria
Members of this fungal phylum form arbuscular mycorrhhizae with the roots of plants.
A. Chytridiomycota
B. Basidiomycota
C. Glomeromycota
D. Ascomycota
C. Glomeromycota
A student encounters an animal embryo at the eight-cell stage. The four smaller cells that comprise one hemisphere of the embryo seem to be rotated 45 degrees and lie in the grooves between larger, underlying cells (spiral cleavage). This embryo may potentially develop into a(n):
A. Sea star
B. Earthworm
C. Frog
D. Fish
B. Earthworm
While scuba diving, Dr. M. observes several tube-dwelling marine worms that have a horseshoe-shaped ring of tentacles encircling their mouths. No segmentation or parapodia are evident. She correctly deduces that the worms belong to the phylum:
A. Phoronida
B. Annelida
C. Nematoda
D. Platyhelminthes
A. Phoronida