What are the two types of cells that make up the xylem and the phloem.
(Xylem: trachieds and vessel elements)(Phloem: sieve tubes and companion cells)
100
When blood glucose levels fall, what happens?
Glucagon is secreted from the pancreas which then breaks glycogen down to glucose. The glucose is then released into the blood stream.
100
What are the five kinds of signaling molecules?
Hormones, local regulators, neurotransmitters, neurohormones, pheromones
100
Chondrichthyes have skeletons composed of _________.
The water vascular system is unique to the _________ phylum.
cartilage, echinoderm
200
A photoautotroph gets it carbon from ________ and its energy from _________.
the atmosphere, light (What are the other '-trophs'?)
200
A plasma membrane called the _____________ regulates entry into the vascular cylinder.
________ means swollen or bloated, whereas _________ means weak or soft.
(casparian strip, turgid, flaccid)
200
What are the six types of connective tissue?
Blood, cartilage, bone, adipose, fiberous, loose
200
What hormone does the growing follicle release?
What hormone does the corpus luteum release?
(Follicle: estrogen)(Corpus luteum: estrogen and progesterone)
Will use O2 if present but can also carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration. (Study other forms of bacterial metabolism)
300
What are the three kinds of transport routes found in plants?
apoplastic, symplastic, transmembrane
300
Pepsin is release from which organ/tissue and what does it break down?
Stomach, proteins (Review digestive enzymes)
300
The descending limb of the loop of Henle is only permeable to what?
Water
400
What is the species that is responsible for Chagas' disease, the definitive host, and the intermediate host?
Trypanosoma cruzi, reduviid bug, humans (What other diseases did you learn from this chapter?)
400
If ψ of root tissue is -.32 MPa, and you place it in a 0.3M sucrose solution (ψ=-.50), which way will the water flow?
Root to solution, water moves from high ψ to low
400
Types of responses/defenses in innate and adaptive immunity?
(Innate: barrier and internal)(Adaptive: humoral and cell-mediated)
400
What is the inhibition of lateral growth by the apical bud called?
Apical dominance
500
You’re looking at an organism under a microscope. It has an eyespot to detect light and a contractile vacuole to expel excess liquid. What are you looking at?
A Euglenid
500
When a plant is exposed to light, it undergoes changes (greening) called?
Etiolation
500
Which cells can have MHC Class II molecules?
What does the MHC Class I molecule do?
(Dendritic, macrophages, B cells)(They display antigen fragments to cytotoxic T cells)