Cancer
Cancer cells divide indefinitely because they ignore this process.
What is cell cycle checkpoints?
The chromosome pairs inherited from each parent.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Enzyme that unzips the DNA double helix during replication.
What is helicase?
What is the theory describing this flow of information: DNA → RNA → Protein?
What is the Central Dogma of molecular biology?
The three sites on a tRNA molecule
What is A site, P site, E site?
Oncogenes are considered a ____-__-_____ mutation.
What is "gain of function mutation"?
Type of cell that is a part of the body but does not do meiosis
What is somatic cell?
One DNA strand runs 5’ to 3’, while the other runs 3’ to 5’. What term describes this arrangement?
What is antiparallel?
What is adding 5' cap and poly-A tail?
What is removing introns?
Small ribosomal subunit attaches to ___ of mRNA strand.
The number of alleles that need to be mutated to alter the function of the genome stability gene.
What is "two alleles"?
Two ways meiosis contributes to genetic variation.
What is independent assortment and crossing over?
DNA replication is described as this type of process because each new molecule consists of one old and one new strand.
What is semiconservative replication?
A specific DNA sequence that signals RNA polymerase where to start transcription.
What is a promoter?
Two components of translation machinery.
What is tRNA and ribosome?
Key difference between a benign and a malignant tumor.
What is that benign tumors do not invade nearby tissues, while malignant tumors spread and invade other areas?
The difference between a diploid and a haploid cell.
What is that diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, while haploid cells have only one?
What is removes RNA primers and fills in with DNA?
The function of RNA polymerase enzyme in transcription.
The enzyme that catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.
What is peptidyl transferase?
Two differences between normal and cancer cells.
- lose density-dependent inhibition
- lose anchorage dependence
- avoid apoptosis
- can recruit blood vessels
How does metaphase I of meiosis differ from metaphase of mitosis?
What is that in metaphase I, homologous chromosomes line up in pairs, whereas in mitosis, individual chromosomes align?
Four main components of PCR.
What is template DNA, Taq polymerase, primers, and nucleotides?
What is RNA polymerase and transcription factors?
A ____ _____ binds to A site to terminate translation.
What is a release factor?