DNA replication
This enzyme is responsible for adding dNTPs to a growing nucleotide strand
What is DNA polymerase?
This is a nucleotide triplet that codes for an amino acid
What is a codon?
This is the pentose sugar in DNA.
What is deoxyribose?
This enzyme elongates the 3' overhang at the ends of chromosomes, providing a new site for an RNA primer to bind.
What is telomerase?
In eukaryotes, transcription factors get transcription machinery onto promoters. In bacteria, this piece of RNA polymerase is critical for it binding to a gene's promoter.
What is the sigma factor.
These are the building blocks of a new DNA strand; DNA polymerase adds them one at a time
What are dNTPs?
This is the first amino acid in most proteins; its codon is known as a start codon.
What is methionine?
In a DNA strand, this nucleotide pairs with thymine.
What is adenine?
Insertions and deletions are collectively called this type of mutation.
What are frameshifts?
In eukaryotes, this promoter is where the transcription machinery binds; it is usually immediately upstream of the RNA-coding region.
What is the core promoter?
DNA replication is continuous on the leading strand and discontinuous on this strand.
What is the lagging strand?
When we're deciding which three adjacent nucleotides should be read together as a codon, we're choosing this for a particular gene.
What is a reading frame?
Cytosine and thymine (and uracil, in RNA) are known as this type of nitrogenous base.
What are pyrimidines?
While silent mutations have no effect on encoded amino acids, and nonsense mutations introduce a stop codon, these mutations change the encoded amino acid to something else.
What are missense mutations?
In eukaryotes, in addition to faraway enhancers, this binds transcriptional regulators and affects the rate at which a gene is transcribed.
What is the regulatory promoter?
What is an RNA primer?
These codons have no corresponding tRNA and signal and end to translation
What are nonsense codons?
This description of a DNA strand reflects the fact that one strand's 5' end pairs with the other's 3' end, and vice versa.
What is anti-parallel?
If DNA polymerase doesn't do its job proofreading, repair enzymes can trim out the incorrect bases, and then DNA polymerase can add the right ones through this type of repair.
What is nucleotide excision repair?
This enzyme makes sure that tRNAs get hooked up with the right amino acid for translation.
What is aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?
This enzyme seals nicks in DNA that was replicated from the lagging strand.
What is DNA ligase?
An mRNA transcript is identical to the coding strand of DNA (except with U's instead of T's) and reverse complementary to this strand of DNA.
What is the template strand?
In contrast to the weaker hydrogen bonds that link bases from two strands of DNA, these stronger covalent bonds hold together adjacent nucleotides on a single strand.
What are phosphodiester bonds?
In bacterial mismatch repair, the original DNA strand has these added to it, distinguishing it from the new, incorrectly copied strand.
What are methyl groups?
In addition to tRNA and mRNA, this type of RNA is critical to translation. It is produced in a eukaryote's nucleolus. In addition to protein, it forms the protein-synthesizing organelles.
What is rRNA?