Macromolecules
A monomeric building block comprised of a hydrocarbon backcone, a carboxyl, and an amino
What is an amino acid?
This organelle is used for photosynthesis
What is the chloroplast?
An energy currency that is typically used to power endergonic reactions
What is ATP?
The phase of meiosis where crossing over occurs
What is Prophase I?
A disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body
What is cancer?
Organic compounds are largely comprised of these two elements
What are carbon and hydrogen?
An organelle found only in eukaryotes where protein is made
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The formula for photosynthesis
What is 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2?
A Cdk complex that regulates telomerase activity in eukaryotic cells
What is S Cdk complex?
This process involves the activation of a series of proteins inside the cell, often amplifying the signal after a receptor is activated
What is signal transduction?
Biological macromolecule that is important for short-term energy storage and structural support
What are carbohydrates?
The chemical characteristic of lipids that allows for membranes to be comprised of a phospholipid bilayer
What is amphipathic? (Will also accept having both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails)
The movement of this particle down its electrochemical gradient powers the production of ATP
What are hydrogen ions?
Proteins involved in cell division that hold sister chromatids together, and help ensure proper separation during anaphase
What are cohesin proteins?
This cellular response to a signal happens relatively quickly, and involves altering proteins that already exist in a cell
What is cytoplasmic response?
The main components of a triglyceride
What are 3 fatty acid tails and a glycerol backbone?
This lipid is an important buffer, maintaining cell membrane fluidity in the face of both extreme heat and extreme cold temperatures
The stage of cellular respiration where glucose is first broken down into CO2
What is pyruvate oxidation?
In prokaryotes, an enzyme that can detect errors in DNA strands, remove the damaged sections, and replace them with the correct complementary nucleotides
What is DNA polymerase I?
This tumor-supressor gene is famous for its role in preventing the formation of tumors by regulating the cell cycle; often called the "guardian of the genome"
What is p53?
A bond formed between two sulfhydryl functional groups in a polypeptide chain, which contributes the most to protein structure stability
What are disulfide bridges?
This type of cytoskeletal structure is commonly used in skin care products, the idea being that the inherent 'bouncy' and 'springy' nature of this fiber will rejuvenate a person's skin by removing wrinkles and 'plumping' the skin
What are intermediate filaments?
The main byproduct formed when humans undergo fermentation
What is lactic acid?
This type of RNA is important for ensuring that mRNA binds appropriately to a ribosome
What is rRNA?
The spread of cancerous cells to other body parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system is called this
What is metastasis?