Amino acids 1
What is the one letter and three letter code of Glycine?
G (Gly)
What is the one letter and three letter code of aspartate?
Asp D
What are properties of peptide bond?
It has partial double character caused by resonance, hence no rotations are allowed
What is the general structure of fatty acids?
Carboxylic acid with hydrocarbon chains from 4-36C long CH3(CH2)nCOO-
What are the functions of Hemoglobin and Myoglobin?
Hemoglobin: Carries and transport O2 and CO2
Myoglobin: Storage of O2
Which nonpolar amino acid contains Sulfur?
Methionine
Which amino acids contain an amide group?
Glutamine
Aspargine
Secondary: Backbone interactions only
Tertiary: Side chain-side chain interactions and side chain-backbone interactions
What determine the physical properties of fatty acids?
Chain length
Degree of saturation
Longer chain + fewer DB = lower solubility
What does a higher value of Ka mean and how does it relate to Kd?
Ka = 1/Kd
Higher Ka/Lower Kd = higher affinity of the ligand to the protein
Which nonpolar amino acids are α helix breaker and β turn contributors?
Glycine and Proline
Which basic amino acid contains the most CH2?
Lysine
What is the main structural difference between fibrous and globular proteins?
Fibrous proteins: pp chains in long strands/sheets, simple repeats of one secondary structure
Globular proteins: pp chain folded into a spherical/globular shape, several types of secondary structure
What is the naming convention for unbranched fatty acids?
chain length: # of double bonds (∆position of DB)
How is heme held in place in myoglobin?
By covalent bond with His and hydrophobic interactions
What is the function of cysteine?
2 Cys (2 sulfhydrylgroup) reduce to from 1 cystine (disulfide bond)
Which amino acids absorb UV light at 280nm?
Tryptophan, Tyrosine
What are some examples of globular protein?
Enzymes
Transport proteins
Motor proteins
Regulatory proteins
Antibodies
What are the main components of sphingolipids?
Fatty acid + sphingosine + head group
What is fetal Hb and how does its affinity compare with normal adult Hb?
Fetus Has lower affinity for BPG than adult Hb ⇒ higher affinity for O2, fetus getsO2 from mom's blood
Since it has different subunits, His 143 (+ve charge) is replaced with serine (uncharged) at inner cavity where BPG binds
Name all of the Polar/hydrophillic amino acids
Serine (S)
Threonine (T)
Glutamine (Q)
Aspargine (N)
Cysteine (C)
Name all of the acidic and basic amino acids
Acidic: Aspartate Glutamate
Basic: Histidine Lysine Arginine
What causes denaturation of protein and how?
High temp ⇒ increase movement
extreme pH ⇒ alter charges on protein, affect H bonding
detergents ⇒ disrupt hydrophobic regions
solvents: urea disrupts H bonds
Name all of the steroid hormones derived from cholesterol
Testosterone, Cortisol, Prednisone, β Estradiol, Aldosterone, Prednisolone, Brassinolide
What is BPG and what is its function?
BPG stabilizes the T state, lowering the affinity of Hb of O2 -> O2 release in tissues.
BPG also adapts to changes in altitude. At a higher altitude, it further lowers the affinity to allow more O2 dropoff at tissues