Characteristics of life
What does biology mean?
The study of life
What does it mean to be polar?
To have an uneven distribution of charges.
What is a monomer?
They are the building blocks for polymers (macromolecules)
What are enzymes?
Biological Catalysts. They speed up chemical reactions in living organisms by reducing the activation energy needed to start the reaction.
What is pH?
The measure of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
sexual reproduction requires two parents. asexual only requires one.
Water is known as the universal ________.
Solvent
Macromolecules are formed together by dehydration synthesis. What is dehydration synthesis?
When a water molecules is removed to form a bond. This turns monomers into polymers.
Where do enzymes attatch.
At the active site on the substrate.
What is an acid and what is its pH?
A substance the releases hydrogen ions (H+) in water. pH of 1-6.9.
What is homeostasis?
A self-regulating process by which an individuals maintains a stable internal environmnet.
What is surface tension?
Surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force due to cohesion.
What are the functions of the four main macromolecules?
Lipids - Long term energy storage.
Carbs - Short term energy storage.
Proteins - Act as catalysts (enzymes), build and repair muscle, immune system support
Nucleic Acid - Genetic transmitter
What 3 things did we talk about that effects the performance of enzymes?
Temperature, pH, Substrate and enzyme concentration.
What is a base and what is its pH?
Substances that release OH- when mixed with water. pH is 7.1-14.
What are the 8 characteristics of life?
Made up of cells, reproduces, based on universal genetic code, grow and develop, requires energy, responds to stimuli, maintains homeostasis
How does water help regulate homeostasis?
- Water is able to resist rapid temperature changes this helps regulate body temperature to maintain homeostasis.
- It allows nutrients to move freely and interact with each other to facilitate metabolic activities.
What are the monomers that make up each macromolecule?
Lipids - fatty acids
Carbs - Monosaccharides
Proteins - Amino acids
Nucleic acids - Nucleotides
What is shown in a typical enzymes reaction graph.
That the activation is lowered when a reactant is exposed to an enzyme.
What is a buffer?
Mixtures that react with acids or bases to keep the pH a certain range. (it helps stabilize pH)
When observing living things. What is an observation that can be made about watching a bird outside?
A) it likes to fly most
B) it has the loudest squawk
c) its related to a dinosaur
D) it laid an egg in its next
it laid an egg in its nest
Water is a ______ molecule. It has a slightly ______ charge on the one _____ atom.
polar, negative, oxygen
Identify the main components of a living cell. What were the four main elements we talked about during macromolecules? Hint: the four elements that make up proteins.
Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
Higher temperatures, increases reaction rates. Extreme heat _______ the enzyme.
Denatures. Unfolds, making it non-functional.
Which two of these are an acid? Hand soap, household ammonia, vinegar, bleach, baking soda, lemon
vinegar and lemon