Really Small Things
All matter is made of tiny particles called ___________, which combine to form _____________.
atoms and molecules
What are the four main biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
The molecule ________ stores genetic information, while RNA helps use that information to build______________.
DNA; proteins
What does semi-permeable mean?
Allowing only certain substances to pass through
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
An element has one kind of atom, while a compound has two or more different elements combined.
The process of ____________________ uses light energy to make sugar for plants and release ________________ into the air.
photosynthesis; oxygen
DNA and ATP are examples of which biomolecules?
Nucleic acids
What is a way that some cells can get energy without using oxygen?
Fermentation
What are the two parts of a solution called?
Solute and solvent
What main waste product is created during cellular respiration and exhaled by animals?
Carbon dioxide
Name the three main parts of an atom.
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Give two examples of carbohydrates
Sugars, breads, and pasta
During diffusion, we expect substances to move from an area of __________________ towards an area of ____________________.
high concentration; low concentration
Lipids are hydrophobic, which means they do not mix well with ______________
Water
Carbohydrates are primarily used by organisms for quick ____________________.
Energy
What is the difference between elements and atoms?
An element is a pure substance made of one type of atom, while an atom is the smallest unit of an element.
Fats and Oils are examples of_______________.
Lipids
In what way do plants and animals rely on each other?
Plants make oxygen that animals breathe, and animals release carbon dioxide that plants use.
What is osmosis, and how is it related to diffusion?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane
Explain how passive transport differs from active transport in terms of energy use.
Passive transport requires no cellular energy, while active transport requires energy (ATP).
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms bonded together.
What is the primary purpose of protein in our diet?
To build and repair body tissues
What are the two biggest chemical reactions in life science and where do they happen?
Photosynthesis in chloroplasts and cellular respiration in mitochondria
If a cell is put in a hypertonic solution, what do we expect to happen?
Water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink.
The movement of water across a membrane from an area of low solute to high solute concentration is ____________________.
Osmosis