Carbon
Chemistry
Chemistry
A compound made of primarily carbon atoms is generally called this.
What is an "organic" compound?
These are the only three elements required to build a carbohydrate.
What are C, H, O?
A protein is an organic compound made mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, AND this element.
What is nitrogen?
This is what all lipids have in common.
What is water-insolubility (hydrophobic)?
Nucleic acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and this element.
What is phosphorus?
A bond where an atom gains or loses and electron..
What is a ionic bond?
The substance that is dissolved in a solution.
What is the solute?
Water molecules are held to each other by what type of bonds?
What are hydrogen bonds?
Because of its "tetravalence", carbon can form covalent bonds with up to HOW MANY other atoms?
What is Four?
A simple sugar, like glucose and fructose, forming a single ring, belongs to this class of carbohydrates.
What is a monosaccharide?
List the four levels of protein structure that give each protein its unique 3-D shape.
What is primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary?
Unbranched hydrocarbon chains that make up most lipids, such as triglycerides, phospholipids, and waxes.
What are fatty acids?
DNA and RNA are made of millions (or billions) of monomers called this.
What is nucleotide?
Give me an example of a compound using an ionic bond.
What is Na Cl?
If you are mixing a pitcher of Kool Aid, the powdered drink mix is this part of the solution.
What is the solute?
Water is like a magnet because of this property.
What is polarity (+, - regions).
These are formed when monomers are bonded to each other.
What is a polymer?
Three or more monosaccharides, linked.
What is a polysaccharide?
Monomers that link to form proteins.
What are amino acids?
The cell membrane is made of this type of lipid, with two fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol.
What is a phospholipid?
What is a covalent bond?
What is two atoms sharing an electron?
If a solution has a pH greater than 7, it is...
What is an alkaline (or basic)?
This property is demonstrated when water molecules cling to a surface, like glass or metal.
What is adhesion?
In this type of reaction, water is used to break down a polymer.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Animals store glucose in the form of this polysaccharide.
What is glycogen?
This bond is formed when two amino acids bond.
What is a peptide bond?
This process is used in the food industry to remove carbon-carbon double bonds in oils in order to solidify and stabilize them into solid or semisolid form.
What is hydrogenation?
Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins
What is RNA?
What is the weakest type of bond?
What is Van Der Waals Forces?
Water makes up this part of a solution.
What is the solvent?
What property of water is responsible for surface tension?
What is cohesion?
The half life of this radioisotope of carbon is frequently used to determine the age of very old artifacts.
What is Carbon-14?
Plants make this polysaccharide for their cell walls.
What is cellulose?
An enzyme will not work (denature) if any of these variables are changed.
What is temperature, pH or salinity?
Unlike most lipids, this lipid is NOT made of fatty acid, but instead, 4 carbon rings.
What is a steroid?
This is the nitrogen base found only in DNA.
What is a thymine?
What bonds are used to connect polar molecules?
What are hydrogen bonds?
A solution with a pH of 2 is HOW MANY TIMES more acidic than a solution with a pH of 6?
What is 10,000x?
Bodies of water heat up and cool down much slower that the surrounding air due to this property of water.
What is high heat capacity (specific heat)?