Elements
Why do enzymes work best at a specified temperature?
If it's too hot the enzyme becomes denatured
What is the most abundant compound found in living things and what is the formula?
Water- H2O
Give some examples of proteins
meat, fish
Why is water a universal solvent?
It is polar
What is the function of carbohydrates?
Main source of energy for all living things
Why is water polar?
Uneven distribution of electrons: positive near hydrogen, negative near oxygen
What class of organic compounds is a monosaccharide?
Carbohydrate
Name an example of a monosaccharide
glucose
How is enzyme activity like a lock and key?
The substrate that fits into the active site is the key
Without a perfect match, the reaction cannot occur
What are the functions of proteins? (3)
Fight disease, build tissues, control rate of reactions in cells
How many valence electrons does carbon have?
4
What is in all organic compounds?
Carbon
pasta, bread
What are vanderWaals forces?
Slight attraction between nearby opposite forces
What does the pH scale measure?
The amount of H+ ions in solution
What are the six most common elements found in living things?
Sulfur, phosphorous, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen
How can you account for the great number, size, and complexity of organic compounds?
All organic compounds contain carbon which has 4 valence electrons. Therefore, carbon bonds easily with other elements
Give some examples of lipids
butter, oil
What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
Iconic transfer electrons
Covalent share electrons
What are some functions of lipids?
Make up biological membranes
How is chemistry related to living things?
All living things are made up of chemical compounds. Everything that happens within an organism is based on chemical reactions.
What are the four major classes of organic compounds?
Carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid
Give two examples of nucleic acids
DNA, RNA
Where does the energy for life processes come from?
Breaking down covalent bonds in food we eat
What process would form a polysaccharide? What process would break down a polysaccharide?
dehydration synthesis; hydrolysis