GAINZ (Proteins)
What is most likely to occur in a patient that is septic from an acute Clostridium difficile infection and produces a high amount of lactic acid?
A) Metabolic Acidosis
B) Respiratory Acidosis
C) Systemic Vasoconstriction
D) Vasoconstriction of the aortic arch
A) Metabolic Acidosis
Rationale: this is common in all patients experiencing sepsis from lactic acid which causes a large drop in pH value.
Reference: Dental Hygiene Mastery NBDHE APP
What causes the release of cholecystokinin?
A) Carbs
B) Fatty Acids
C) Alcohol
D) Vitamin K
B) Fatty Acids
Rationale: The release of this from the duodenum and jejunum is stimulated by fatty acids, peptides, and amino acids, which also causes a release of bile from the gall bladder
Reference: Dental Hygiene Mastery NBDHE APP
Vitamins are defined as organic substances that are essential to life. They are needed in large amounts.
A) Both statements are true
B) Both statements are false
C) First statement is true and second is false
D) First statement is false and second is true.
C. First statement is true and second is false
Rationale: Vitamins are needed in small amounts
Excess of Vitamin A can cause all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Hypertrophy of bone
B) Enamel hypoplasia
C) Cheilosis
D) Erythemic gingivae
B) Enamel hypoplasia
Rationale: Darby's Comprehensive Review of DH pg. 373
Enlarged fungiform papillae is caused by _______________ of Riboflavin.
A) Deficiency
B) Excess
A) Deficiency
Rationale: Darby's Comprehensive Review of DH pg. 373
Which of the following is false in regard to proteins?
A) Protein structures transport materials around the body
B) Proteins are structural components of androgens
C) Proteins are the structural components of antibodies
D) Proteins consist of small organic molecules called amino acids
B) Proteins are structural components of androgens
Rationale: Cholesterol is the main structure of androgens.
Reference: Dental Hygiene Mastery NBDHE APP
When performing more than 60 minutes of activity what does the body use as its primary source of ATP?
A) Amino Acids
B) Proteins
C) Fatty Acids
D) Carbs
C) Fatty Acids
Rationale: These provide as energy reserves for cells in the body when experiencing moderate levels of activity.
Reference: Dental Hygiene Mastery NBDHE APP
One of the following demonstrates large amounts of calcium dipicolinate...which one is it?
A) Spores
B) Ribosomes
C) Flagella
D) Mitochondria
A) Spores
Rationale: The calcium dipicolinate is believed to help the spores be heat and oxidizing-resistant, it is a major component within spores.
Reference: Dental Hygiene Mastery NBDHE APP
Sunlight, oily fish, dairy, fortified milk, margarine are the sources of :
A) Vitamin E
B) Vitamin k
C) Niacin
D) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin D
Rationale: Darby's Comprehensive Review of DH pg. 373
Major body functions of vitamin E are:
A) Antioxidant
B) Important in blood clotting
C) Prevents hemolysis of RBCs
D) A and C both
E) All of the above
D) A and C both
Rationale: Darby's comprehensive review of DH pg 373
Which of the following organelles contains many types of hydrolytic enzymes?
A) Centrosome
B) Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Lysosome
D) Lysosomes
Rationale: They create non- specific acid hydrolase enzymes that function by fusing with vacuoles to dispense the enzymes that digest the contents of vacuoles, they also breakdown excess and exhausted organelles and food pieces while also engulfing and destroying viruses or bacteria.
Reference: Dental Hygiene Mastery NBDHE APP
The organelle that contributes to the synthesis of lipids the most is.....
A) Smooth ER
B) Rough ER
C) Ribosome
D) Lysosome
A) Smooth ER
Rationale: Responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs
Reference: Dental Hygiene Mastery NBDHE APP
Which of the following contain Zinc as a "crucial component"?
A) Pepsin
B) Carbonic anhydrase
C) Adenylate cyclase
D) Amylase
B) Carbonic anhydrase
Rationale: Carbonic anhydrase creates CO2 and H2O in the blood to maintain a good acid-base balance in the blood
Reference: Dental Hygiene Mastery NBDHE APP
Good source of Riboflavin is:
A) Dairy products
B) Liver
C) Grains
D) Meat
E) Both a and c
E) Both A and C
Rationale: Darby's Comprehensive Review of DH pg. 373
Green and yellow vegetables, meats, micro flora in the gut are major dietary sources of:
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin K
Rationale: Darby's Comprehensive Review of DH pg. 373
How can an enzyme act as a catalyst in a reaction?
A) Lowering the energy of activation
B) Lowering the energy of the reactants
C) Raising the energy of the activation
D) Raising the energy of the reactants
A) Lowering the energy of activation
Rationale: Enzymes lower the energy of the activation which in turn the reaction is able to react more quick and spontaneously which also increases the number of products formed over a time period
Reference: Dental Hygiene Mastery NBDHE APP
Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of Ach?
A) Nicotinesterase
B) Choline acetyltransferase
C) Acetylcholinesterase
D) Acetylase
C) Acetylcholinesterase
Rationale: after Ach is released into the synaptic cleft it is broken down by this enzyme which is the combo of acetate and choline
Reference: Dental Hygiene Mastery NBDHE APP
Water soluble vitamins include:
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
E) Vitamin B complex
F) B and E
F) Vitamin C and Vitamin B Complex
Rationale: these are the only two water soluble vitamins
___________ plays a major role in hemoglobin synthesis and convers tryptophan to niacin
A) Pantothenic acid
B) Pyridoxine
C) Riboflavin
D) Thiamin
B) Pyridoxine
Rationale: Darby's Comprehensive Review of DH pg. 373
Deficiency of Vitamin C can cause :
A) Loss of taste and appetite
B) Angular cheilosis
C) Porotic dentin formation
D) Ulcerative gingivitis
C) Porotic dentin formation
Rationale: Darby's Comprehensive Review of DH pg. 373
Which is the last electron acceptor involved in fermentation?
A) Inorganic Compound
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon Dioxide
D) Organic Compound
D) Organic Compound
Rationale: A process within fermentation termed "oxidative phosphorylation" cannot occur in an anaerobic environment so organic compounds oxidate by accepting electrons and giving off adenosine triphosphate.
Reference: Dental Hygiene Mastery NBDHE APP
What is the second most abundant component of the cell membrane?
A) Cholesterol
B) Triglycerides
C) Prostoglandins
D) Macroglobulins
A) Cholesterol
Rationale: Cell membrane is composed of 4 main parts and are ranked greatest to least in the following order....phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, carbohydrates
Reference: Dental Hygiene Mastery NBDHE APP
Characteristics of water-soluble vitamins would be all EXCEPT
A) Soluble in water
B) More stable than fat soluble vitamins
C) Contains elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and in some cases cobalt and sulfur
D) Absorbed into blood by both active and passive transport from the upper portion of digestive tract
B) More stable than fat soluble vitamins
Rationale: Fatty vitamins are more stable than water-soluble vitamins
Deficiency of Niacin can cause:
A) Loss of filiform and fungiform papillae
B) Mucositis
C) Ulcerative gingivitis
D) All of the above
B) Mucositis
Rationale: Darby's Comprehensive Review of DH pg. 373
Which vitamin plays a role of antioxidant?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin E
C) None of the above
D) Both A and B
D) Both A and B
Rationale: Darby's Comprehensive Review of DH pg. 373