Enzymes
These make enzymes powerful catalysts
What is lowers activation energy and creates a more stable transition state? What is highly specific?
This is the minimum amount of kinetic energy that reactant molecules must possess in order to overcome their mutual electron cloud repulsions to break/weaken their bonds
What is activation energy?
This is reversible, noncovalent binding of regulatory molecules at dedicated allosteric sites
What is allosteric control?
This is the method used in enzymes that have more than one substrate or two substrates that are bound close together/at adjacent sites in the active sites.
What is catalysis by approximation?
These are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same reaction.
What are isozymes or isoenzymes?
Holoenzymes are an enzyme plus this molecule
What is a cofactor?
This is the value of reaction rate when an enzyme is fully saturated
What is Vmax?
This is zymogens or proenzymes that have to be trimmed in order to be turned on and become active
What is proteolytic cleavage?
This is the enzyme that catalyses hydrolysis reactions that cleave covalent peptide bonds.
What are proteases?
These are protein phosphatases.
What is catalyzing the removal of phosphate groyps from proteins?
This is the function of active sites of enzymes
What is the location of the substrate binding and undergoing a chemical reaction?
This is the number of substrate molecules converted into product per unit of time at a single catalytic site when the enzyme is fully saturated with substrate
What is Kcat?
This is the quaternary structure of ATCase
What is 2 catalytic trimers and 3 regulatory dimers?
This is the enzyme that is active in digestion in the duodenum and is produced in the pancreas.
What is chymotrypsin?
This is the class that protein kinase A is part of.
What is serine/threonine kinases?
This is the model that describes the active site not being a perfect match for the substrate but undergoes a conformational change as the substrate interacts with the enzyme
What is induced fit?
This is how the rate of a forward reaction is measured
What is measuring amount of substrates compared to the amount of products?
This is PALA
These are the physiological purposes of carbonic annhydrase
What is converting toxic gas waste into HCO3-? What is turning bicarbonate into carbon dioxide if the carbon dioxide levels are too low?
These are the catalytic strategies that chymotrypsin uses.
What is covalent catalysis, approximation catalysis, and acid-base catalysis?
These are examples of how enzymes transform energy into a different form of energy
What is photosynthesis and ATP synthesis?
What is Michaelis-Menten Model?
This is the allosteric enzyme that can only exist in T and R states; binding of the ligand shifts the equilibrium between the 2 states.
What is the concerted model of cooperativity?
This is the relationship between methylases and restriction endonucleases.
What is methylases add methyl groups to host's own matching DNA prevent restriction endonucleases from digesting it?
These are the effects zinc has on water in carbonic anhydrase's active site.
What is reducing the pKa of water, generating OH- from H2O at ph of 7, and holds OH- rigidly in place?