Biomolecules
What are the four main biomolecules?
Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids
What in the function of the cell membrane?
to allow substances to enter and exit the cell.
Name two kinds of food that have saturated fat?
Butter, Lard, Meat fat
What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
Organic--contains carbon and hydrogen
Inorganic--does NOT contain carbon and hydrogen
What 2 types of chemical reactions are enzymes involved in?
synthesis and digestion
Describe the two functions of proteins
cell membrane component
muscle tissue
enzymes, antibodies, hormones
What are two functions of lipids in a person's diet?
stored energy
cell membrane component
insulation
Describe what lipids can do to damage blood vessels.
Fat builds up along blood vessels and causes blockages.
A polysaccharide is composed of what?
Monosaccharides
What part of an enzyme binds with the substrate?
the active site
Name one monosaccharide and one polysaccharide
mono- glucose, fructose
Poly-starch, glycogen, cellulose
What is the function of a catalyst?
to speed up chemical reactions.
Which of the four biomolecules are present in an egg?
Lipids, Protein
what process loses H2O to combine molecules into more complex substances
dehydration synthesis
What happens when an enzyme becomes denatured?
It loses its shape
What are the building blocks of proteins, and how many different types are there?
Amino Acids, 20 types
What kind of carbohydrates function as stored energy in plants?
starch
What does Benedict's solution test for and what color indicates a positive reaction?
Simple sugars. Turns orange.
What process adds H2O to break down molecules?
Hydrolysis
What is the name of the place on an enzyme where its molecule binds?
Active site
Identify a specific disaccharide
lactose, maltose, sucrose
What is the function of the ribosome and what is the function of the mitochondria
ribosomes - make proteins
mitochondria - produce ATP
What solution is used to test for starch, and what color indicates a positive result?
Lugol's solution; black
What type of bond connects amino acids to one another?
Peptide bonds
Name one factor that can affect how well an enzyme works
Temperature, pH (acid/base solution), Substrate concentration