Biomolecules
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Code for traits; heredity
information storage molecule
What makes a fat saturated?
All single bonds in the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids, therefore all carbons are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogens
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
To catalyze (speed up) a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
Name & describe the two building blocks of lipids.
What are:
1) glycerol (an alcohol with 3 hydroxyl (OH) groups)
2) Fatty acids which consist of long hydrocarbon chains and a carboxyl group (COOH)
What is the function of lipids in a person's diet?
Long-term energy storage, insulation, cushioning, protection
Animals store excess glucose as this molecule.
What is glycogen.
Denaturation
Change in shape of an enzyme (or any protein) due to heat or other factors
Name two monomers and one polymer of carbohydrates.
Monomers--glucose, fructose, galactose
Polymers--starch, glycogen, cellulose
Function of carbohydrates?
primary energy source (immediate energy)
Fat which is a liquid at room temperature.
unsaturated fat
What is dehydration synthesis?
Loss of water to combine small molecules to build a larger molecule
What happens to an enzyme after it performs its "job" on a molecule?
Nothing; it ends up the same as when it started. It is not changed or used up
Functions of proteins?
transport molecules, structural components of cells, tissue (muscles), antibodies, pigments, hormones, enzymes
Functional group(s) found in an amino acid.
What are amino group and carboxyl group
Makes an organic molecule an organic acid.
carboxyl group (COOH)
What is the name of the place on an enzyme where its substrate molecule binds?
Active site
phospholipids
make up cell membranes
Makes up the cell walls of plants.
What is cellulose? Also called dietary fiber. Which is the most abundant organic molecule on earth!
2:1 ratio between H and O
carbohydrates
Name one factor that can affect how well an enzyme works
Temperature, pH (acid/base solution), Substrate concentration